Understanding and management of the occurrence of root diseases in peppers

Pepper crops are often affected by root diseases such as root rot, bacterial wilt, and blight. If left uncontrolled, these diseases can cause plant death and significantly reduce yield. The following information on the occurrence characteristics and prevention methods of root diseases in peppers is compiled from **China's pesticide network** for your reference: **1. Pepper Root Rot** (1) Disease Characteristics: Root rot typically occurs after planting and continues until fruit harvesting. Affected plants show wilting during the day that recovers at night. After repeated episodes, the entire plant dies. Infected roots turn light brown to dark brown and become soft and easily peeled off. The disease usually spreads from the root to the main root. Fungi causing root rot are transmitted through irrigation, and high temperature, high humidity, and poor air circulation in greenhouses promote its spread. (2) Control Methods: - Practice crop rotation with cruciferous vegetables, legumes, onions, or garlic to reduce pathogen buildup in the soil. - Improve field management by ensuring proper ventilation, reducing humidity, avoiding excessive rhizosphere moisture, and applying more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to enhance plant resistance. - Promptly remove and destroy infected plants, along with surrounding soil, to prevent further spread. - Apply chemical treatments such as 50% thiophanate-methyl WP diluted 500 times, 50% carbendazim WP diluted 600 times, or 50% metalaxyl-Mn Zn WP diluted 600 times. These should be applied every 7 days for 3–4 times. Alternate between different products to avoid resistance. **2. Pepper Blight (Phytophthora capsici)** (1) Disease Characteristics: This disease thrives in temperatures above 10°C, with peak infection occurring between 27–30°C. High humidity, low sunlight, and waterlogged conditions increase the risk of infection. Pathogens overwinter in diseased plant material and seeds, and repeated cropping leads to higher soil pathogen levels. Poor fertilizer management, such as excessive nitrogen and insufficient phosphorus and potassium, weakens plant resistance. High humidity and excessive moisture in greenhouse environments also favor disease development. It is a serious soil-borne disease in greenhouse pepper cultivation. (2) Control Methods: - Implement strict crop rotation, avoiding continuous planting of Solanaceae crops. Rotate with grass crops for at least three years. Use disease-resistant varieties and disinfected seedlings. - Optimize planting density (around 3,300–3,500 plants per mu) to improve air circulation and reduce humidity. Apply balanced fertilizers, avoid overuse of nitrogen, and ensure proper drainage. Water only in the morning on sunny days. - Treat seeds before sowing with 10% formalin solution for 30 minutes or 20% methyl parathion emulsifiable concentrate diluted 1,000 times for 12 hours. After planting, spray 80% mancozeb wettable powder diluted 600 times every 15 days. - For early disease control, apply 40% ethylphosphorus WP diluted 200 times, 75% chlorothalonil WP diluted 600 times, or 64% anti-bacterial WP diluted 400–500 times. Apply 40 kg per 666.7 m², repeating every 7–10 days for 2–3 times. In severe cases, shorten intervals and increase applications. Dusting methods like 45% chlorothalonil smoke agent or 5% dusting agent can also be used in greenhouses. **3. Bacterial Wilt** (1) Disease Characteristics: Bacterial wilt is a severe bacterial disease affecting facility-grown peppers. Seedlings may not show symptoms initially, but after infection, the base of the main root becomes affected. Plants wilt during midday but recover at night. After 2–3 days, they no longer recover and remain green when dead. The vascular tissue turns dark brown, while the outer root layer remains unchanged. The disease spreads through irrigation and farming activities, especially in greenhouses with high humidity and poor air circulation. (2) Prevention and Treatment: - Avoid planting peppers with solanaceous crops or melons to break the disease cycle. - Ensure good ventilation and manage moisture levels to reduce humidity. Apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. - Regularly monitor plants and remove infected ones immediately for disposal. - When symptoms appear, apply 77% copper oxychloride at 500 times dilution or 72% streptomycin at 4,000 times dilution. Spray 40 kg per 666.7 m², repeating every 7–8 days for 3–4 times. Alternatively, use 50% carbendazim at 800–1,000 times for root irrigation every 10–15 days. Combine with foliar sprays of 10–15 g borax per 50 kg water, applied every 10–15 days for 3–4 times. For more detailed guidance on pest and disease management, refer to **pesticide manufacturers** and local agricultural extension services. Always follow label instructions and safety precautions when using any chemical treatment.

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