In the process of corn cultivation, various factors such as poor growing conditions can lead to issues like barren ears and empty kernels. Some ears may have no grains from the base to the top, causing them to bend toward the missing side, resembling a "banana ear." Others might have no kernels at the top, resulting in "top baldness," while some may lack grains at the tip, leading to "tail baldness." In more severe cases, entire ears may have only scattered or sparse kernels, significantly affecting corn yield. The main causes include:
1. **Insufficient Nutrient Supply**: During the critical growth stage of ear development, if the plant doesn't receive enough nutrients, it can result in underdeveloped or empty ears.
2. **Unsuitable Temperature**: High temperatures above 35°C before and after tasseling can kill pollen, reducing fertilization efficiency. Conversely, low temperatures below 16°C during the grain-filling stage can hinder dry matter accumulation, leading to poor kernel development.
3. **Water Imbalance**: From the silking to the flowering stage, corn requires adequate water. Drought during this period—known as "neck drought"—can delay tassel emergence or cause tassels to die, reducing pollen availability and creating an imbalance between male and female flowers. Prolonged dry weather around tasseling can also disrupt the timing of pollination.
4. **Heavy Rainfall During Pollination**: Excessive rain can prevent tassels from blooming properly. Pollen may swell, rupture, or clump together, losing its viability and interfering with successful pollination.
5. **Overcrowded Planting**: When corn is planted too densely, air circulation and sunlight penetration are reduced, leading to poor growth and impaired ear development, which results in fewer or no kernels.
6. **Pest and Disease Infestations**: During the grain-filling stage, pests such as corn borers, aphids, and armyworms, along with diseases like leaf spot and smut, can damage the plant, causing premature leaf senescence and contributing to empty ears.
These challenges not only reduce yield but also affect the overall quality of the harvest. Proper management, including balanced nutrition, appropriate watering, temperature control, and pest monitoring, is essential for ensuring healthy and productive corn crops.
Source: Weihai Agricultural Information Network
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