Which lamp is more cost-effective for incandescent, energy-saving, and LED lights?
On May 7, a report on the gradual price reduction of LED lights is quietly gaining traction in the market for energy-saving lamps. "There are incandescent, energy-saving, and LED lamps available. I’m not sure about their lighting effects or which one is more cost-effective," said Mr. Zhao after reading the report. He called the newspaper hotline, hoping that the reporter could conduct an experiment to help analyze which option is the most economical. The day before, the reporter selected incandescent, energy-saving, and LED lamps from the market and brought them to the China Saibao (Ningbo) laboratory for testing. Reporter Yang Jiang
**Picking High-Quality LED Lights: The “Four Look†Method**
As LED lights become increasingly affordable, the variety on the market can be overwhelming for consumers. So, how do you choose a high-quality LED light? Wang Linkang, secretary general of the Municipal Lighting Association, advised reporters that "LED products vary in quality, but consumers can use visual inspection and simple tests to identify good ones."
The first step is to look at the packaging. According to national standards, LED lamps must clearly indicate rated voltage, power, frequency, and other details. High-quality LED products have clear, well-printed labels that don’t easily wipe off. Poor-quality ones often have blurry text, missing logos, or no certification marks.
Next, examine the LED tube. When multiple identical LED lights are placed together, high-quality ones should show consistent brightness and no uneven surface. The interface between the lamp and the screw base should have a slight slope for safe installation. Some low-quality models have rounded interfaces, posing a safety risk. If the screw connection feels loose, it’s a sign of poor quality.
Third, check the temperature. After turning on the LED light for a few minutes, the surface should remain cool to the touch. If it becomes too hot, it may indicate a shorter lifespan and should be avoided.
Lastly, perform an interference test. Turn on a radio near the working LED light. The less noise the radio emits, the better the LED light’s quality.
**Test Preparation: Comparing Three Common Bulbs**
To determine which bulb consumes the most energy, the reporter purchased three common types—incandescent, energy-saving, and LED—for comparison. The prices ranged from 3 to 50 yuan. The incandescent had a rated power of 100W, the energy-saving was 20W (equivalent to 100W incandescent), and the LED was 9W, matching the brightness of a 100W incandescent.
The test was conducted using a large 3-meter integrating sphere, the largest measuring instrument in the city. This device measures luminous flux, color temperature, and other key parameters. Inside the sphere, various instruments were used to assess the performance of each bulb.
**Test Results (1): LED Lamps Save Energy and Last Longer**
During the test, the incandescent lamp consumed 92.56 watts, the energy-saving lamp used 18.65 watts, and the LED only needed 9.237 watts. Though the LED was more expensive upfront, its long lifespan of over 20,000 hours made it more cost-effective in the long run. In contrast, incandescent bulbs last only around 1,000 hours, and energy-saving lamps typically last 6,000 hours.
Over 1,000 hours of use, the electricity costs were 46.28 yuan for incandescent, 9.325 yuan for energy-saving, and just 4.67 yuan for LED. Clearly, LED lights offer the best value.
**Test Results (2): Brightness and Light Quality**
In another test, the three bulbs were connected to a 220V socket inside the integrating sphere. Photos taken under the same exposure settings showed that the LED light was the brightest, followed by the energy-saving lamp, with the incandescent being the dimmest. However, the incandescent produced a warm, soft glow, while the energy-saving lamp emitted a harsher white light with noticeable glare.
The LED lamp had a higher conversion rate, meaning it turned more electricity into light rather than heat. After 10 minutes of use, the incandescent was extremely hot, the energy-saving lamp was warm, and the LED remained barely warm to the touch.
From the test data, the LED lamp also had a higher luminous flux (1021 lm) compared to the incandescent (934.04 lm). This confirms that LED lights are not only energy-efficient but also provide superior brightness and comfort.
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