Mining machinery varies significantly depending on the model and its intended application. One of the key categories is disc mining equipment, which includes rock drills and drilling rigs. Drilling rigs are further classified into outdoor and underground types. Rock drills are primarily used for creating blastholes with diameters ranging from 20 to 100 mm and depths of up to 20 meters in medium-hard rock. Based on their power source, they can be categorized as pneumatic, internal combustion, hydraulic, or electric. Among these, the rock drilling machine is the most commonly used in the industry.
Open-air drilling machines operate using different mechanisms, such as rope-impact, down-the-hole, cone, and rotary systems. The rope-impact drilling machine, although once widely used, has been gradually replaced by more efficient models due to its low productivity and high maintenance costs.
Boring machines work by applying axial pressure and rotational force to break rock surfaces, making them ideal for excavating tunnels, shafts, or other underground structures. These machines use various cutting tools, including disc hobs, wedge hobs, ball hobs, and milling tools. Depending on the type of tunnel or passage, they can be divided into patio drills, shaft drills, and tunnel excavators.
Centrifugal concentrators are essential for recovering fine metal ore particles from slimes. They consist of a rotating conical drum that generates strong centrifugal forces. Under this force, heavy ore particles settle against the drum wall, forming a concentrate, while lighter particles remain suspended in the slurry and are eventually discharged as tailings.
Magnetic separators are used to sort minerals based on their magnetic properties. By applying magnetic and mechanical forces, these machines separate valuable minerals from waste materials. Common types include permanent magnet cylinder separators, electromagnetic flat ring separators, and high-gradient magnetic separators. Each design is suited for different mineral processing needs.
Flotation machines utilize the differences in surface properties of fine-grained ores. By adding flotation reagents and introducing air or mechanical agitation, hydrophobic mineral particles attach to bubbles and rise to the surface, where they are collected as concentrate. Meanwhile, hydrophilic particles remain in the tank and are removed as tailings.
After wet processing, the resulting concentrate must undergo dewatering to separate solid and liquid components. Dewatering machines include thickeners, filters, centrifuges, and dryers, each serving a specific purpose in the overall mineral processing workflow.
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