The fundamental performance indicators that define the operational capability of a lifting machine are its lifting capacity and working level. Lifting capacity refers to the maximum weight that can be safely lifted under specified operating conditions, also known as the rated load. This includes not only the weight of the load itself but also the weight of any attached equipment, such as electromagnetic chucks, grabs, or hook assemblies used in jib cranes. For example, cranes equipped with electromagnets must account for the weight of the magnet when determining their total lifting capacity.
The working level is a critical parameter that reflects the overall workload and usage intensity of lifting machinery. It serves as a key reference in both the design and selection of cranes. The working level is determined by the number of work cycles the machine will perform over its expected service life, along with the frequency and severity of the loads it handles. According to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), lifting equipment is classified into eight working levels. In China, cranes are similarly divided into eight levels, while smaller lifting devices, elevators, and overhead monorail systems are typically not categorized in this way.
For cranes used in repetitive and highly structured environments—such as those found in port cargo handling, automated warehouse stacking systems, or blast furnace feeding operations—the concept of duty cycle becomes essential. A duty cycle refers to the time required to complete one full operation cycle, which depends on the speed of the crane's mechanisms and the distance over which materials are moved. In these cases, productivity is often used as an additional key performance indicator, typically measured in terms of the amount of material lifted per hour. Understanding these parameters helps ensure that the right crane is selected for the specific application, balancing efficiency, safety, and longevity.
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