The fundamental performance indicators that define the operational capability of a lifting machine are its lifting capacity and working level. Lifting capacity refers to the maximum weight that can be safely lifted under specified conditions, also known as the rated lifting capacity. For cranes equipped with electromagnetic chucks or grabs, this includes the weight of the attachment itself. Similarly, for jib cranes, the lifting capacity also accounts for the weight of the hook block. These parameters are essential in determining the suitability of a crane for a particular task.
The working level is a crucial factor that represents the overall condition and intensity of use of lifting equipment. It serves as a key reference in both the design and selection of such machinery. This parameter is determined by the total number of work cycles and the load conditions the equipment is expected to handle over its service life. According to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), lifting machinery is classified into eight working levels. In China, cranes are also categorized into eight levels, while smaller lifting devices, elevators, and overhead monorail systems are not included in this classification.
For cranes used in highly repetitive tasks—such as those found in port loading operations, automated warehouse stacking systems, or blast furnace feeding hopper elevators—the working cycle plays a significant role. The duty cycle refers to the time required to complete one full cycle of operation, which depends on the speed of the mechanisms involved and the distance over which materials are handled. In some cases, productivity becomes an important metric, often expressed as the amount of material lifted per hour. Understanding these parameters helps in selecting the right lifting equipment for specific industrial applications.
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