Antibacterial technology is becoming more and more popular in the textile industry. According to experts, the global antibacterial textile market is expected to grow at an annual rate of 10% over the next eight years. With increasing awareness of health, natural materials, and environmental protection, these factors are shaping the future direction of the textile industry.
**1. Main Antibacterial Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Textiles**
**1.1 Release Mechanism**
Antibacterial fabrics are designed to release antimicrobial agents under normal temperature and suitable humidity conditions. The released amount is sufficient to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and mold.
**1.2 Regeneration Mechanism**
During washing, the antibacterial agent can be regenerated due to the chemical bond breakage between the fiber and the antimicrobial agent. This helps maintain a stable level of the agent on the fabric surface, ensuring long-lasting effectiveness.
**1.3 Static Inhibition Mechanism**
Cationic antibacterial agents are bonded to the fabric through electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged fibers. This creates a barrier that prevents bacterial adhesion and inhibits their growth without direct contact.
**2. Application of Antibacterial Finishing Technology**
Based on market research, SCJ-2000, an antimicrobial agent developed by Beijing Jieshuang Technology Co., Ltd., was selected for this study. It offers excellent performance, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, high safety, good wash resistance, and ease of application. It is suitable for treating various types of fabrics, including cotton, linen, silk, wool, polyester-cotton blends, nylon, and rayon.
Testing conducted by the Southern Science and Technology Testing Center confirmed that SCJ-2000 does not contain harmful substances such as azo dyes, heavy metals, or formaldehyde. Its active antibacterial components work by damaging the cell membrane of microorganisms, increasing permeability, causing cytoplasm leakage, and interfering with protein synthesis, ultimately leading to microbial death.
**2.1 Test Materials and Methods**
**2.1.1 Materials**
The test used SCJ-2000 as the antibacterial agent, along with a softener. Two pieces of bleached cotton fabric were used, each weighing 4 grams. The equipment included a 100 mL beaker, glass rod, measuring cylinder, balance, constant temperature water bath, small roller, pipette, and oven.
**2.1.2 Test Method**
After testing different finishing concentrations and formulations, the following processes were found to be most effective.
**(1) Impregnation Process**
Process: Fabric → antibacterial soft finish (bath ratio 1:10) → dehydration and drying.
Conditions: Soak at room temperature for 10 minutes, then heat to 50–70°C for 30–40 minutes, followed by dehydration and drying.
Formula: SCJ-2000 5% (o.w.f.), with appropriate softener.
Procedure: Add 30 mL clean water to a beaker, then add 2 mL of 10-times diluted SCJ-2000. Add softener and top up with water to 40 mL, then mix thoroughly.
**(2) Padding Process**
Process: Fabric → padded with antibacterial solution (rolling rate 70%) → drying (80–110°C, no moisture) → tentering (150°C for 30 seconds or 120–130°C for 2–4 minutes).
Formula (for 70% liquid pick-up): SCJ-2000 50g/L, with appropriate softener.
Procedure: Add 30 mL water to a beaker, then add 2 g of SCJ-2000, followed by the appropriate amount of softener. Top up to 40 mL with water and mix well.
**3. Antibacterial Finishing Results**
The antibacterial effect of the finished fabric samples was tested against several common bacteria and fungi, including *Escherichia coli*, *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Candida albicans*, *Trichophyton rubrum*, *Glycyrrhiza glabrata*, and *Fusarium oxysporum*, using the Quine method.
**4. Conclusion**
Fabrics treated with the SCJ-2000 antibacterial agent show strong antibacterial performance. Even after 100 washes, they still maintain a high antibacterial effect, with an inhibition rate exceeding 99.9%. This agent effectively inhibits a wide range of bacteria and fungi.
**References:**
[1] Shang Chengjie. *New Dyeing and Finishing Auxiliaries Manual*. Beijing: China Textile Publishing House, 2002, (10): 241–248.
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