Antibacterial technology is becoming more and more popular in the textile industry. According to experts, the global antibacterial textile market is expected to grow at an annual rate of 10% over the next eight years. With increasing awareness of health, sustainability, and environmental protection, antibacterial textiles are set to become a major trend in the textile industry in the 21st century.
**1. Main Antibacterial Mechanisms of Antibacterial Textiles**
**1.1 Release Mechanism**
Antibacterial fabrics are designed to release an antimicrobial agent at normal temperatures and under appropriate humidity conditions. This controlled release ensures that the concentration of the agent is sufficient to either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and mold.
**1.2 Regeneration Mechanism**
During washing, the antibacterial agent on the fabric can be regenerated through the chemical breakdown of the bond between the fiber and the agent. This helps maintain a stable level of antibacterial agents on the fabric surface, ensuring long-term effectiveness.
**1.3 Static Inhibition Mechanism**
Cationic antibacterial agents are bonded to the fabric's surface via electrostatic attraction with the negatively charged fibers. This creates a barrier that prevents bacteria, fungi, and mold from adhering to the fabric, thereby achieving a static antibacterial effect.
**2. Application Practice of Antibacterial Finishing Technology**
Based on market research, SCJ-2000, an antibacterial agent developed by Beijing Jieshuang Technology Co., Ltd., was selected for this test due to its excellent performance and comprehensive properties. SCJ-2000 is known for its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, high efficiency, good safety, strong wash resistance, and ease of application. It is suitable for treating various types of fabrics, including cotton, linen, silk, wool, polyester-cotton blends, nylon, and viscose.
Testing by the Southern Science and Technology Testing Center confirmed that SCJ-2000 contains no harmful substances such as azo dyes, heavy metals, or formaldehyde. The active antibacterial components in the finishing agent interact with the cell membranes of bacteria and fungi, causing structural damage, increased permeability, and leakage of cellular contents. This disrupts protein synthesis and leads to the death of microorganisms.
**2.1 Test Materials and Methods**
**2.1.1 Materials**
The raw materials used in the test included the antibacterial finishing agent SCJ-2000, a softener, and two pieces of bleached cotton fabric (each weighing 4g). The equipment used included a 100mL beaker, glass rod, measuring cylinder, tray balance, constant temperature water bath, small rolling car, pipette, and oven.
**2.1.2 Test Method**
After testing different concentrations and formulations of the finishing solution, the following processes were found to be most effective.
**(1) Impregnation Process**
Process: Fabric → antibacterial soft finishing (bath ratio 1:10) → dehydration and drying.
Steps: Soak the fabric in the treatment liquid at room temperature for 10 minutes, then heat it to 50–70°C and keep it for 30–40 minutes before dehydrating and drying.
Formula: SCJ-2000 5% (o.w.f.), with an appropriate amount of softener.
Procedure: First add 30mL of clean water to the beaker, then add 2mL of 10-fold diluted SCJ-2000, followed by the softener and enough water to make up 40mL. Mix thoroughly.
**(2) Padding Process**
Process: Fabric → padded with antibacterial solution (rolling rate 70%) → drying (80–110°C, no moisture) → tentering (150°C for 30 seconds or 120–130°C for 2–4 minutes).
Formula (for a 70% pick-up rate): SCJ-2000 50g/L, with an appropriate amount of softener.
Procedure: Add 30mL of water to the beaker first, then add 2g of SCJ-2000, followed by the softener, and finally top up with water to 40mL. Stir well.
**3. Antibacterial Finishing Results**
The antibacterial effect of the finished fabric samples was tested using Quine’s method against several common microorganisms, including *Escherichia coli*, *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Candida albicans*, *Trichophyton rubrum*, *Glycyrrhiza glabrata*, and *Fusarium oxysporum*.
**4. Conclusion**
The fabric treated with the SCJ-2000 antibacterial agent showed a strong antibacterial effect. Even after 100 washes, it still maintained a high level of antibacterial activity, with an inhibition rate exceeding 99.9%. It effectively inhibited a wide range of bacteria and fungi.
**References:**
[1] Shang Chengjie. *New Dyeing and Finishing Auxiliaries Manual*. Beijing: China Textile Publishing House, 2002, (10): 241–248.
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