Gypsum is added to Portland cement clinker in appropriate amounts, and the mixture is then ground into four different grades: 425, 525, 625, and 725. This type of cement has a 5-10% higher early strength compared to other types of Portland cement, and it offers excellent resistance to frost and wear. It is ideal for producing high-grade concrete and is commonly used in important civil engineering projects.
2. Ordinary Portland Cement
1) Concept
Ordinary Portland cement, abbreviated as P·O, is a hydraulic binding material made by combining Portland cement clinker with 6% to 15% of mixed materials and an appropriate amount of gypsum. The amount of mixed material depends on its level of activity. According to Chinese standards, when active materials such as granulated blast furnace slag, volcanic ash, or fly ash are used, their addition should not exceed 15% by weight. No more than 5% of kiln dust (a dry powder collected from the kiln exhaust during production) can be included, or up to 10% of inactive materials may be added. Inactive materials must not exceed 10% by weight. Ordinary Portland cement is available in six strength grades: 275, 325, 425, 525, 625, and 725, and is widely used in the production of various mortars and concretes.
2) Technical Requirements
The fineness of the cement should not exceed 10% passing through an 80μm square hole sieve; otherwise, it is considered non-conforming. The initial setting time must be no earlier than 45 minutes, and the final setting time must not exceed 10 hours. If the initial setting time is too short, the product is classified as waste. If the final setting time is too long, it is considered non-conforming. The volume stability must pass inspection; otherwise, it is deemed defective. Ordinary Portland cement is categorized into three strength classes—32.5, 42.5, and 52.5—based on compressive and flexural strength at 3 and 28 days. Each class is further divided into normal and early-strength types.
3) Basic Performance and Application
Ordinary Portland cement shares many applications with standard Portland cement, but some types of ordinary cement cannot be used in place of Portland cement. This versatility makes it the most commonly used cement in the construction industry. Its wide range of applications includes general building works, road construction, and infrastructure development.
3. Slag Portland Cement, Pozzolanic Portland Cement, Fly Ash Portland Cement
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