**Core Tip:** Wheat larvae have become a major pest characterized by sudden outbreaks, frequent occurrences, and widespread epidemics. They are a global issue, found in key wheat-growing regions across Asia, Europe, and the Americas. In China, these pests are also widely distributed in major wheat-producing areas. There are two main types of wheat larvae: red and yellow. Red larvae mainly occur in riverbank areas of plains, while yellow larvae are more common in highlands and mountainous regions. Despite facing harsh blizzard-like low temperatures last year, the survival of the larvae was minimally affected.
**First, the Characteristics of Occurrence**
Wheat larvae have developed a close symbiotic relationship with wheat over time. Their life stages—growth, development, emergence, egg-laying, and hatching—are all synchronized with wheat’s growth cycle. For example, larvae emerge during the booting stage of wheat, and eggs hatch during the early filling stage. As long as wheat is present, the larvae can survive, making their occurrence widespread across winter wheat regions in the country. If not properly managed, they can cause severe yield losses or even total crop failure, so they must be taken seriously. The hazards of wheat larvae include:
1. **Small Size**: Up to 30 larvae can fit inside a single grain of wheat.
2. **Strong Concealment**: Only visible for about a week on the soil surface annually; otherwise, they remain hidden in the soil or inside grains, making them hard to detect.
3. **Devastating Impact**: A single larva can penetrate a grain and consume up to one-third of its contents, leading to significant damage.
4. **Longevity and Resilience**: Wheat larvae can survive in the soil for 6 to 12 years, making it difficult to control their population.
5. **Short Critical Control Period**: The best time for prevention is during the flooding season (about one week) and the adult stage (three days). Missing these periods can lead to serious production losses.
**Second, Seize the Right and Effective Prevention Measures**
Given these characteristics, local authorities are advised to act early, overcome complacency, and focus on "double attention" during both the flooding season and the adult stage. Key steps include:
1. **Prevention and Control During the Soil Poisoning Phase**
When larvae are on the soil surface, it's the optimal time for eradication. This year, due to delayed wheat growth, the larvae's development has also been delayed. Local governments should collaborate with media to provide accurate forecasts and educate farmers on key prevention times.
Currently, there is a lack of effective pesticides available, and many farmers struggle with choices, leading to misuse of chemicals. Based on recent experience, using “2.5% Methyl Iso-Phosphorus Granules†from Hubei Tianmen Yipula Agrochemical Company at 1.5 kg per acre, or “Huayang 5% Chlorpyrifos Granules†from Shandong Huayang Pesticide Company at 600–900 grams per acre, mixed with 25–30 kg of sand and evenly spread over the field, is recommended. These granules should be applied according to instructions to avoid phytotoxicity. When applying, avoid using dew water and ensure the mixture doesn't stick to the leaves. Using a broom to sweep the treated area helps maximize effectiveness. High-toxicity pesticides should be avoided, and a unified approach—organizing farmers, timing applications, and ensuring proper execution—is essential. Additionally, efforts should be made to prevent counterfeit pesticides.
2. **Controlling the Adult Stage**
From late April to early May, adults begin to emerge and fly to wheat ears to lay eggs. This period is critical for spraying. Solutions such as 5% beta-cypermethrin diluted 1500 times, 40% dimethoate diluted 1000 times, or combinations like imidacloprid + dichlorvos + beta-cypermethrin can be used. Spraying should be done uniformly to effectively reduce adult populations and egg-laying, which is crucial not only for current-year control but also for preventing future infestations.
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