Flame retardant technology research and development need to increase efforts

Flame retardant modification technology plays a crucial role in enhancing the fire safety of polymer materials. This innovation not only improves the performance of materials but also contributes significantly to social and economic development by promoting safer public infrastructure, reducing fire risks, and supporting long-term societal stability. As a result, the development and industrialization of flame-retardant products are seen as highly promising, with strong market potential and growing demand.

However, traditional halogen-based flame retardants come with serious drawbacks. During combustion, they often release harmful fumes and toxic substances such as dioxins, which are known carcinogens, or other hazardous byproducts like polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. These substances pose significant threats to human health and the environment, prompting a global shift toward safer alternatives.

Moreover, halogenated flame retardants tend to emit large amounts of hydrogen halides (HX) when activated, leading to secondary hazards that can worsen fire outcomes. In response, international research has increasingly focused on developing low-smoke, halogen-free, and low-toxicity flame retardants. Examples include tri-(tribromophenoxy)-triazine, which serves as an alternative to decabromodiphenyl ether, as well as newer options like Firemaster 550, Reafasnhp, and others.

With China's rapid economic growth, the production and consumption of flame retardants have surged. The average annual growth rate of consumption exceeds 20%, reflecting a strong market demand. Both the government and private sectors now recognize the importance of sustainable and safe flame retardant solutions. The industry is moving toward eco-friendly, high-performance, and multifunctional flame retardants that meet modern safety standards while minimizing environmental impact.

In recent years, China has established dedicated flame-retardant research laboratories and developed a range of advanced materials, including nano-halogen synergistic flame retardants, brominated epoxy resins, magnesium hydroxide-based retardants, high-efficiency FR-245, and biodegradable plastic flame retardants. These innovations reflect a commitment to creating more effective and environmentally responsible solutions.

Advancements in synthesis technology have enabled China to make significant strides in flame retardant research. Flame retardant applications have expanded beyond natural polymers to include blended and synthetic high-molecular materials. From textiles to construction, the field has grown to cover areas such as exterior wall insulation, wiring, electrical components, and transportation. Techniques like microencapsulation, surface modification, compounding, synergy, and nano-implantation have led to the development of high-performance, durable flame retardants.

Currently, over 16,000 flame-retardant companies and more than 220 research labs operate across China. They focus on various types of flame retardants, including halogen-based, organic phosphates, phosphorus-nitrogen compounds, and inorganic variants. These technologies have advanced rapidly and are now produced at scale. Emerging flame retardants like DOP, hypophosphite, and phosphazene compounds have gained widespread attention, with ongoing research showing promising results.