Detoxification method of swine feed cottonseed cake and peanut cake
Cottonseed cake is a common feed ingredient in the animal husbandry industry, but it can be toxic to livestock and poultry due to the presence of free gossypol. To ensure safety, several detoxification methods are commonly used. One effective method involves mixing 100 kg of clean water with plant ash or quicklime. After allowing the mixture to settle, the supernatant is used to soak the cottonseed cake. The ratio of cake to liquid should be 2:1, and the soaking process should last for 24 hours. The filtrate is then used for 3–4 times before feeding.
Another approach is to add 1.2–1.5 kg of ferrous sulfate per 100 kg of soil-squeezed cottonseed cake, or 0.15–0.2 kg of machine-pressed mash. The cake is then soaked in water for 4–6 hours before being fed. Alternatively, a 2% ammonium bicarbonate or 1% urea solution can be sprayed evenly onto the powder of the cottonseed cake. Once the moisture content reaches 15%, the mixture is well combined and sealed with plastic film for 24 hours before use.
For more intensive treatment, 15 kg of a 15% soda ash solution can be sprayed onto 100 kg of cottonseed cake, mixed well, and then sealed for 5 hours. After that, steam it for 50 minutes and dry it. Another option is to soak the cake in a 1% sodium hydroxide solution for 3–4 hours, drain the solution, rinse with water, and dry. Finally, high-temperature cooking at 110°C for 3–5 minutes can also help reduce toxicity.
Peanut cake is generally safe, but improper storage can lead to contamination with aflatoxins, which are harmful to animals. When infected, it must be detoxified before being used as feed. One method involves crushing the contaminated peanut cake and soaking it in 5–8 times the volume of water, stirring, letting it settle, and changing the water until the water runs clear. This method works best for mild cases, and the detoxified cake should still be used in combination with other feeds and in limited quantities.
Soaking the affected peanut cake in a saturated lime solution for 3 times, followed by thorough rinsing with water, is another effective technique. Baking the moldy peanut cake at 150°C for 30 minutes or irradiating it for 14 hours can remove up to 80–90% of aflatoxins. Fumigation with ammonia in a sealed container or plastic bag for 10 hours can reduce aflatoxin levels by 90–95% when the moisture content exceeds 18%.
Adding 5% quicklime to the moldy peanut cake can achieve a detoxification rate of 90–99%. These methods ensure that the feed remains safe and nutritious for livestock while minimizing health risks. Always follow proper procedures and consider consulting an expert if unsure about the level of contamination.
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