Detoxification method of swine feed cottonseed cake and peanut cake
Cottonseed cake is a common feed ingredient, but it can be toxic to livestock and poultry due to the presence of free gossypol. To make it safe for use, several detoxification methods are commonly applied. One approach involves mixing 100 kg of clean water with plant ash or quicklime, allowing the mixture to settle, and then using the supernatant to soak the cottonseed cake. The ratio of cake to liquid should be 2:1, and soaking should last for 24 hours. Afterward, the filtrate can be used for 3 to 4 times before feeding.
Another method includes adding 1.2–1.5 kg of ferrous sulfate per 100 kg of soil-squeezed cottonseed cake, or 0.15–0.2 kg of machine-pressed mash. The cake is then soaked in an appropriate amount of water for 4–6 hours before being fed. Additionally, spraying 2% ammonium bicarbonate or 1% urea solution onto the powder of cottonseed cake can help reduce toxicity. Once the moisture content reaches 15%, mix well and seal with plastic film for 24 hours before feeding.
For more intensive treatment, 15 kg of 15% soda ash solution can be sprayed on 100 kg of cottonseed cake. After mixing and sealing for 5 hours, steam it for 50 minutes to dry. Alternatively, soaking the cake in a 1% sodium hydroxide solution for 3–4 hours, draining, rinsing, and drying at 110°C for 3–5 minutes can also be effective.
Peanut cake is generally non-toxic, but improper storage can lead to aflatoxin contamination, which is harmful to animals. If infected, it must be detoxified before feeding. A common method is to crush the contaminated peanut cake and wash it repeatedly with 5–8 times its weight in water, letting it settle and changing the water until the runoff is clear. This method works best for mild cases and should be combined with other feeds for safety.
Soaking the affected peanut cake in a saturated lime solution for three times and then rinsing thoroughly with water is another effective option. Baking the moldy cake at 150°C for 30 minutes or irradiating it for 14 hours can remove up to 80–90% of aflatoxins. Sealing the cake in a plastic bag or smoke can with high moisture content (over 18%) and fumigating with ammonia for 10 hours can reduce aflatoxin by 90–95%.
Adding 5% quicklime to the moldy peanut cake can achieve a detoxification rate of 90–99%. These methods ensure that the feed is safe and suitable for animal consumption while maintaining nutritional value. Always monitor the quality of the feed and follow proper procedures to prevent any health risks to livestock.
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