Application of rare earth in steel making
The application of rare earth in steel has a history of nearly 30 years. After studying the action law and mechanism of rare earth metals in steel, the role of rare earth in steel is clarified. The experimental study of adding process has mastered the addition of rare earth. Process conditions, the variety and amount of rare earth metal added. By the end of the 1980s, there were no technical obstacles to the application of rare earths in steel. China's rare earth steel production increased from 110,000 tons in 1985 to nearly 600,000 tons in 1997, with more than 80 varieties. Only one WISCO company produced 1.6 million tons of rare earth steel during the “Eighth Five-Year Plan†period, creating economic benefits of 320 million yuan, social benefits of 1.83 billion yuan, and saving foreign exchange of 50 million US dollars.
When rare earth is added into steel, it can play the role of deoxidation, desulfurization, change of inclusions and other purification and metamorphism. In some steels, it can also have microalloying effect. Rare earth can improve the oxidation resistance of steel, high temperature strength and plasticity. Fatigue life, corrosion resistance and crack resistance.
The main role of rare earths in steel:
Purification: The addition of rare earth to the steel can replace the oxygen and sulfur in the manganese sulfide, alumina and aluminosilicate inclusions that may be formed in the steel to form a rare earth compound. Some of these compounds float up from the molten steel into the slag, so that the inclusions in the molten steel are reduced and the molten steel is purified. This is the purification effect of rare earth on steel.
Refined structure: Since the rare earth compound formed by the reaction of rare earth in steel with inclusions has a higher melting point and precipitates before the molten steel solidifies, these fine particles can be used as a heterogeneous nucleation center to reduce the degree of subcooling of the crystallization process. Therefore, not only the segregation can be reduced, but also the solidification structure of the steel can be refined.
Morphology control of inclusions: After adding rare earth into the steel, the manganese sulfide will be replaced by rare earth oxides or sulfides with low plastic deformation ability at high temperature. These compounds do not deform along with the steel during the rolling process, and remain spherical. They have less influence on the mechanical properties of steel, so the addition of rare earth in steel can improve the toughness of steel and improve the fatigue resistance of steel.
The rare earth is added to the atmospheric corrosion resistant steel to make the inner rust layer of the steel dense, and the bonding force with the matrix becomes strong, and it is not easy to be detached, which can prevent the diffusion of O2 and H2O in the atmosphere, thereby reducing the corrosion rate, and adding the rare earth steel. The corrosion resistance is increased by 0.3 to 2.4 times than that of the steel without rare earth. The addition of rare earth in MnNb low alloy high strength steel can significantly improve the cold bending properties, impact properties, low temperature impact resistance and wear resistance of steel, greatly improving the processing properties of steel and improving its service life. The addition of rare earth in the railway rail can significantly improve the wear resistance and peeling resistance of the rail. After years of use, the life of the rail is improved by 1.5 times.
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Label: Rare earth steelmaking
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