Traditional celery cultivation typically occurs from September to December, with harvesting taking place between December and April. In contrast, anti-season celery is planted in May to June and harvested in August to September. Cultivating celery during the high-temperature and heavy-rain season poses significant challenges, including overcoming heat stress and creating a suitable growth environment. This is essential for achieving high yields, quality, and efficiency in production.
First, seed sowing: Summer celery cultivation often uses direct seeding, but transplanting seedlings is also common. Sowing takes place in late May to early June, which coincides with the hot and rainy season. It is important to choose heat-resistant and waterlogging-tolerant varieties. Before sowing, seeds should be soaked and germinated. To prevent bacterial infection, soak the seeds in warm water at 48°C for half an hour, then germinate until 50% of the seeds show a white sprout. The seeds can be sown using either a broadcasting or strip method. Water the soil before sowing, and after it is absorbed, cover the seeds with 0.5 to 1 cm of soil. Celery has a slow germination rate and a long seedling period. To protect against high temperatures and rain, shading should be applied on the seedbed. Common shading materials include straw, straw curtains, and shade nets. Once the seedlings emerge, the covers should be removed to avoid hindering growth. After sowing, keep the surface moist by watering small amounts and drain excess water after rainfall. The seedling stage lasts about 40 days, with 5 to 6 leaves developed.
Second, planting: Transplanting seedlings from previous crops requires timely tilling of the land. Apply 3000–5000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 40–50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. Deeply till the soil to 20 cm to mix it thoroughly and create a smooth and flat surface. Stop watering 2–3 days before transplanting. Use a shovel to dig up the soil, being careful not to damage the leaves or roots when planting. Bring some soil along with the seedlings to aid in their survival. Plant the seedlings according to their size and do so after 5:00 pm. Water the roots immediately after planting.
Third, shading: During summer, celery cultivation requires shading with shade nets to cool and retain moisture, which promotes growth, reduces fiber content, and improves quality. After planting, install a shade net to form a shed or flat structure, with a height of 2–2.5 meters. The shed should face north-south. From 10:00 am to 3:00 pm, shading is most effective. Throughout the growing season, shading is essential. Shade nets reduce light intensity, lower temperature and soil temperature, improve the microclimate, and support photosynthesis, creating a more favorable environment for celery production. Shading also helps reduce wind speed, minimize soil moisture evaporation, prevent drought, and protect against mechanical damage from heavy rain and soil compaction. Using full-day coverage can also prevent pests like cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moths, and Spodoptera litura from laying eggs on celery, reducing pest infestations and minimizing pesticide use.
Fourth, field management: In the early stages, celery grows slowly, and the high-temperature rainy season often leads to weed problems. Prompt weeding and cultivation are necessary. Combine weeding with fertilization. Since celery roots are shallow, cultivation should be shallow to avoid damaging the roots. Summer celery has a short growth period, so nitrogen fertilizer is crucial for stem and leaf development. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and use diluted topdressing regularly. Apply urea at 10 kg per mu 5–7 days after emergence, then every 8–10 days at 10–12 kg per mu, typically requiring four topdressings. As the plants grow, increase the fertilizer amount. Spray 2–3 times with boron fertilizer or superphosphate leaching solution during the summer growth period to prevent petiole cracking and rotten heart, and spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate at 1000 times dilution on the leaves in the middle and late stages. This enhances disease resistance, increases yield, and improves quality. Summer celery requires a consistently moist environment. Keep the field moist and ensure proper drainage from sowing to harvest to support stem and leaf growth.
Fifth, pest and disease control: Common diseases include blight, soft rot, leaf spot, and anthracnose, while pests include aphids, thrips, mites, and spotted flies. In the seedling stage, disinfect the seedbed soil to prevent blight. Use 75% chlorothalonil at 800 times or 70% carbendazim at 800 times. For soft rot, spray 72% agricultural streptomycin at 3000–4000 times. For leaf spot and anthracnose, use 78% chlorothalonil at 700 times or 77% can kill powder at 500 times. For anthracnose, apply 70% carbendazim at 600 times or 80% anthrax fumei powder at 800 times. Control aphids and thrips with 10% imidacloprid at 2000 times. For larvae, use 20% plague net at 1000–2000 times or 48% lesbian emulsifiable oil at 800–1000 times before adults appear, and 5% taibao at 2000 times during adult emergence.
Sixth, harvesting: Harvest celery based on its growth and market demand. Due to the hot summer conditions, it is best to harvest earlier than autumn celery. When the stem reaches 40–60 cm in height, the quality is good, and the yield is high. Ensure the stems and leaves are green and intact during harvest to avoid damage.
Source: Zhangpu County Agricultural Bureau, Fujian Province.
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