Reasons for aging of vegetable gardens and prevention measures

The vegetable garden soil is generally fertile, and the excellent vegetable garden soil layer and mature soil layer are deep, the structure is good, the organic matter content is high, and the water retention and fertilizer retention ability is strong. Under the influence of improper farming (partial application of chemical fertilizers, etc.) and other unfavorable conditions, the soil fertility of vegetable gardens gradually declines and ages, which seriously affects vegetable production.
First, the cause of the aging of the vegetable garden soil 1, the soil nutrient balance and proportion of the vegetable garden is seriously imbalanced. The imbalance of nutrient balance in the vegetable garden is mainly manifested in the fact that the nutrient content of the vegetables from the soil is extremely inconsistent with the amount of application. The nutrients that vegetables carry from the soil are the most potassium, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. When fertilizing, the nitrogen fertilizer is generally biased, followed by phosphorus, so that the amount of nitrogen in the soil increases gradually, and the amount of potassium rarely increases or decreases. Phosphorus has obvious enrichment. The amount of nitrogen applied is large, not only wasteful, but also prone to ionic antagonism and the like. Potassium fertilizer is rarely applied in production alone. The potassium content in organic fertilizers in vegetable fields is low, and potassium is widely absorbed in vegetable crops. The problem of potassium being unable to make ends meet is becoming more and more obvious. The release of slow-acting potassium to promote soil fixation may not be able to make up for it. The consumption of available potassium. This kind of nitrogen fertilizer can promote the absorption of organic fertilizers and phosphorus, potassium and other elements in vegetables. It can adjust the quick-acting and potential nutrient utilization of phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients in the soil in a certain period of time, and can obtain higher yield, but In the long run, there will be more and more serious imbalances in the proportion of nutrients. 2. The tillage layer becomes shallower and the soil physicality decreases. Although the vegetable garden soil has been intensively cultivated, the tillage layer is still shallow, and the application of organic fertilizer is reduced, the soil organic matter content is reduced, and the tillage layer is gradually shallower. At the same time, the soil acidification causes the soil physical properties to deteriorate, the aggregate structure is destroyed, and the soil buffer Reduced sexuality and poor adaptability. 3. Acidification of vegetable garden soil. Partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, especially physiological acid fertilizer, is an important reason for soil acidification. Soil acidification will promote the decomposition of nutrients in the garden soil and the leaching of calcium and magnesium ions, which will intensify the acidification of the soil. The vegetable garden soil becomes sour, the concentration of potassium ions and hydrogen ions increases, and the absorption of other nutrients is inhibited. Some microbial activities that inhibit soil pathogens are reduced, leading to the occurrence of physiological diseases and other diseases. After the vegetable garden soil becomes sour, the seeding property is deteriorated, the yield is decreased, and the soil fertility is declining. 4. Vegetable field pollution. Vegetable fields in the suburbs of the city, industrial and domestic wastes enter the farmland through sewage irrigation, urban waste slag upgrading and atmospheric dust reduction, causing different degrees of pollution such as phenol, chlorine, mercury, lead, etc., reducing vegetable yield and product quality. Human health poses a threat, and in severe cases, it is impossible to grow crops.

Second, prevention and control measures 1. Eliminate blind fertilization, excessive application of chemical fertilizers, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, and advocate scientific fertilization. There are many kinds of vegetables, and the growth characteristics and fertilizer requirements are very different. Different vegetable cultivation seasons are different from cultivation methods. Therefore, according to the fertility characteristics, fertilizer requirements, soil fertility status and fertilizer types of different types of vegetables, Nutrient content, scientific calculation of fertilization amount, and flexible control according to different cultivation methods (such as facility cultivation and open field cultivation), different cultivation seasons, and soil and water conditions. The vegetable field fertilization technology and soil testing and fertilization techniques should be vigorously promoted. Adopt scientific fertilization method and adhere to the combination of base fertilizer and top dressing. The base fertilizer should be based on decomposed organic fertilizer, combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; the top dressing should be topdressed according to the different growth stages of the vegetables and the amount of fertilizer required, paying attention to the stage of product organ formation such as rhizome, tuber expansion period, and ball formation. During the period of flowering and fruiting, the fertilizer was applied again. The base fertilizer should be applied deep, layered or ditch. Topdressing should be carried out in conjunction with watering. Promote foliar fertilization technology. 2. Scientific use of chemical fertilizers. It is necessary to strictly control the amount of fertilizer used, especially to reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. The correct choice of fertilizer should not only consider the nutrient content, but also the use of impurities, especially heavy metals and toxic substances with low purity and high purity. It is also necessary to use fertilizers that do not acidify the soil according to the soil conditions. It is necessary to pay attention to the use of nitrogen fertilizer combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to eliminate the phenomenon of partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. Pay attention to the use of trace element fertilizers, and promote nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers and organic and inorganic compound fertilizers. 3. Vigorously promote the application of organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer not only has nutrient content, long-lasting, stable fertilizer effect, large buffering capacity, and is rich in organic matter. It can improve soil structure, has less pollution to vegetable soil environment, and is easy to obtain. It has small investment and great income. It is necessary to vigorously promote the use of organic fertilizer. . It is necessary to use more fully-fertilized high-quality livestock and poultry manure and other manure, and the manure must be treated by accumulation and fermentation. The impurities in the organic fertilizer should be cleaned to reduce the physical pollution of the vegetable soil, and can be used in combination with the biological fertilizer. 4. Scientific fertilization should be combined with comprehensive management of soil improvement and fertilization. Pay attention to cultivating and improving soil fertility. Take comprehensive management measures such as scientific water and drought rotation, vegetable grain, melon and vegetable rotation; expand the cultivation of bean vegetables; and increase the application of organic fertilizer. In areas with severe acidity, lime should be added or soil conditioner should be applied or soil fertility should be applied. 5. Reduce the pollution of toxic substances in vegetable fields. It is forbidden to use garbage and sewage for irrigation. In fields with high cadmium content, it can be rotated with rice, applying lime or calcium, magnesium and potassium fertilizers. Silicon and calcium fertilizers can increase soil pH and reduce the effectiveness of cadmium in soil. 6. Promote the application of nutritional diagnosis techniques for vegetable crops. Create conditions, promote the nutritional diagnosis technology of vegetable crops, and understand the fertilizer demand status of vegetables according to the analysis of plant tissue nutrient composition, soil nutrient rapid measurement and plant nutrition diagnosis, especially after correct identification of the main nutrient imbalance symptoms. Take timely measures to prevent and control.

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