When selecting a submersible multi-stage pump for an internal return system, it's crucial to match the pump’s capacity with the maximum extraction volume of the well. The pump's flow rate should align closely with the actual inflow of water in the well—ideally matching or being slightly lower than the well’s real extraction capacity. Pumping at a higher rate than necessary can lead to several issues: excessive water withdrawal can shorten the lifespan of the pump, potentially damaging the filter and causing sand intrusion, which may render the well unusable.
The diameter of the pump should correspond to the well casing's inner diameter. To facilitate smooth lifting and efficient water collection, the inner diameter of the casing should exceed the pump's maximum diameter by about 20-40 mm, ensuring an annular gap of 10-20 mm between the pump and the well wall. This clearance not only extends the pump's operational life but also protects the well itself from undue wear and potential collapse.
The pump head orientation is another critical factor. For deep well submersible pumps, the head should point downwards at the solid pipe section rather than the perforated section to prevent sand surges and potential structural damage. Utilizing electrical measurements and geological data from nearby wells, engineers can accurately determine the ideal placement of the pump based on factors like aquifer depth, thickness, and lithology.
Selecting the appropriate pump involves balancing the well’s potential yield with the pump’s specifications. The pump’s head and power should be tailored to overcome the total dynamic head loss from the pump to the discharge point. Over-sizing the pump can lead to inefficiencies, increased wear, and potential mechanical failures. It’s essential that the pump operates within a safe margin—its actual head should not exceed 25% of its rated head.
Using a high-head pump for low-pressure applications can result in excessive flow rates, reducing efficiency and increasing energy costs. Additionally, this can disrupt the natural chemical equilibrium of the groundwater, leading to mineral deposits that clog filters and impair performance over time. Thus, the pump’s head should be equal to or slightly above the total head loss experienced during water delivery to maintain optimal efficiency and longevity.
In conclusion, careful consideration of these factors ensures sustainable and efficient operation of the internal return pump system, safeguarding both the equipment and the well infrastructure.
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