Fertilization characteristics and technical measures of late rice

Late rice is in an important period of field management and fertilization. In the production of late rice, there are two seasons of late rice and single season of late rice. The growth period and nutrient demand of these two late rice varieties are different, so there is a clear difference between the fertilization of late rice, especially the application period of nitrogen fertilizer. For the two types of late rice, the newspaper specially asked experts to analyze how to regulate fertilization.

Fertilization of double-season late rice (post-season rice)

Due to the short growth period, the double-season late rice began to differentiate into ears during tillering, and entered the tillering stage during ear differentiation. Only a significant peak of absorption was observed in one life, that is, the peak of absorption was formed 2 to 3 weeks after transplanting. It is more concentrated than the concentration of the fertilizer in the single-season late rice. The peak of the double-season late rice is not as obvious as that of the early rice, but it has more fertilizer absorption than the early rice. Due to the high water temperature and soil temperature in the early stage of late rice, it is not conducive to the growth and absorption of roots. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the appropriate increase of panicle fertilizer for double-season late rice, which can be carried out twice in the differentiation of young ears-meiosis. However, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled in several stages, because the temperature will drop rapidly in the later period. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer will cause rice to be greedy, delaying maturity and reducing production, and will also increase the occurrence of rice plant diseases and insect pests. According to the above characteristics, in the double-season late rice nitrogen fertilizer application technology, the distribution principle of the proportion of base fertilizer and topdressing is used. In the panicle differentiation stage, the appropriate amount of topdressing is applied in several stages. Under the condition of ensuring safe heading, the seedlings can be applied in the later stage. Hope to get a better yield increase.

Fertilization of single season late rice

The single-season late-season rice has a longer growth period, generally reaching 100-120 days in the growth period of Honda. The transition of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of single-season late rice is a separate type. This type of late rice has two peak periods of fat absorption, one in the tillering stage and the other in the panicle differentiation stage, and the late stage of the fertilizer absorption is higher than the previous stage, indicating that the ear fertilizer of the single-season late rice is more important. Under the different cultivation methods of throwing and transplanting, the suitable proportion of nitrogen fertilizer applied to late rice is 40%~50%, which can maintain high tillering rate and the development of the population is reasonable. The proportion of topdressing is 50%~60%, which is carried out in 2 times. Appropriate increase of topdressing is beneficial to increase the accumulation and operation of photosynthetic materials after heading, and obtain higher grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight. The total amount of nitrogen in the fake facilities is 12~16kg/mu, and the proportion of nitrogen applied in the throwing cultivation is: base fertilizer: manure: panicle fertilizer=40%: 30%: 30%. The proportion of transplanted nitrogen fertilizer was: base fertilizer: manure: panicle fertilizer = 50%: 30%: 20%.

In short, the double-season late rice and the single-season late rice have different nitrogen fertilizer application periods. The principle of the former is: appropriately increase the proportion of tillering fertilizer, reflecting the principle of pre-promotion, central control and post-protection, but the “pre-promotion” cannot cause the seedlings to pass. The adverse consequences of Wang, the group being too large and the ineffective division. The distribution of nitrogen fertilizer in single-season late rice should reflect the principles of pre-stable, mid-attack and post-complementation. The appropriate control in the early stage should focus on the big ear, and the topdressing can be carried out in 2~3 times. Under high-yield conditions, the grain fertilizer should be added in the later stage.

Potassium application in late rice fields is very important. It is more prone to potassium deficiency than early rice fields. Potassium fertilizer application in late rice is necessary for healthy growth of rice plants and resistance to rice blast in the later stage. Potassium application is beneficial to increase the number of spikes, grain number and final grain of late rice. Increase production. Generally, the amount of potassium applied per mu is 4-6 kg of potassium oxide, and the specific on-line or off-line is determined according to the target yield and the actual seedling period of the paddy field. It can be used as a base fertilizer once at the time of application, or 50% as a base fertilizer and 50% as a manure, and the application effect is better.

(Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University, Cao Yiping)

Farmers Daily

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