The bamboo industry has become a globally recognized green industry, with enormous economic, ecological and cultural values, which are increasingly valued by people.
As an important non-wood resource, the development of research has practical and practical significance in the context of today's global warming and wood shortage.
Distribution of bamboo resources in the world
There are more than 70 genera and more than 1,200 species of bamboo plants in the world, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. A few bamboo species are distributed in temperate and frigid zones.
The global forest area has fallen sharply, and the area of ​​bamboo forest has increased at a rate of 3% per year. At present, the area of ​​bamboo forests in the world has reached 22 million hectares, accounting for about 1% of the forest area; the annual bamboo output is 15 million to 20 million tons.
World bamboo can be divided into Asia-Pacific bamboo area, American bamboo area and African bamboo area.
The Asia-Pacific Bamboo Region is the largest bamboo area in the world, with more than 50 genera and more than 900 species of bamboo. The main bamboo producing countries are China, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Vietnam, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea, and Sri Lanka.
India has a bamboo forest area of ​​about 2.097 million hectares; Myanmar has a bamboo forest area of ​​2.17 million hectares; Thailand has a bamboo forest area of ​​about 810,000 hectares; Bangladesh has a bamboo forest area of ​​600,000 hectares; Vietnam has a bamboo forest area of ​​1 million hectares; and the American bamboo producing areas are south to In southern Argentina, north to the eastern United States, there are 18 genera, more than 270 in North America, mainly in the east.
The Amazon Basin has 340 million hectares of forest, 10.2 million hectares of bamboo forest, accounting for 3% of the forest area; the African bamboo area is relatively small, from the south of Mozambique to the south to the east of Sudan: there is no natural distribution in Europe. Bamboo species, there are only a few bamboos native to North America.
In the past 100 years, European countries such as Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium and Netherlands, and the United States and Canada have introduced a large number of bamboo species from some bamboo producing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America.
Development status of bamboo industry around the world
The Asia-Pacific Bamboo Region is the distribution center of the world's bamboo. The bamboo forest area accounts for 45% of the world's bamboo forest area, and the bamboo species resources account for 80% of the total bamboo resources in the world.
1. Chinese bamboo industry.
It has a long history and has set an example for the industry. China has abundant bamboo resources and has a long history of cultivation and utilization.
The famous British scholar Joseph Needham pointed out in the History of Chinese Science and Technology that East Asian civilization used to be called "bamboo civilization" and China was called "the kingdom of bamboo civilization."
There are more than 500 kinds of bamboo resources in China, and the bamboo forest area is 5.2 million hectares, accounting for nearly 1/4 of the total bamboo forest area in the world. The bamboo industry involves many fields such as construction, building materials and home furnishing, and bamboo products form more than 100 series.
Thousands of varieties, together with the flower industry, forest tourism, and forest food industry, have become the four major sunrise industries in China's forestry development.
Such a huge industry has set an example for the world, and has promoted people's attention to the role of bamboo in supplementing wood resources consumption and maintaining ecological balance, and driving the development of bamboo industry around the world.
According to statistics, the output value of China's bamboo industry was only 400 million yuan in 1981, 20 billion yuan in 2000, 66 billion yuan in 2006, and 82.1 billion yuan in 2010.
2. Japan's rich bamboo culture and high-tech bamboo industry.
The development of bamboo industry in Japan has a long history like China.
After the introduction of Chinese culture into Japan, Japan absorbed Chinese bamboo culture and has a good heritage and development. It combines with the inherent bamboo culture of Japan to form a unique Japanese bamboo culture.
Japanese bamboo culture is an important part of Japanese culture. The Japanese fan made of bamboo is one of the most important trading commodities in the Sino-Japanese trade of the Song Dynasty, and is very popular among Chinese people.
The existing bamboo forest area in Japan is 141,300 hectares, with 13 genera and 230 species.
The lush bamboo forest growing around the forest is also the most prominent feature of Japanese plant distribution. Except for Hokkaido, bamboo grows in other areas, and 60% is concentrated in Kyushu.
97% of Japanese bamboo forests are privately owned and intensively managed, with an annual output of 200,000 to 300,000 tons of bamboo.
With the increase in the input of canned bamboo shoots and bamboo products, the population of bamboo producing areas is aging, and the labor costs are high. The population of bamboo in mountainous areas has declined, and the area of ​​bamboo forests has been decreasing since the 1970s.
Japan imports a large amount of bamboo and bamboo products, especially bamboo shoots, to foreign countries every year.
In order to maintain the development of the bamboo industry, Japan strengthened its high-tech support for the development of the bamboo industry, focused on the investment in science and technology in the development of bamboo utilization technology, and developed high-tech bamboo products such as bamboo charcoal, bamboo vinegar, bamboo fiber and bamboo charcoal fiber.
In 2006, Mie Prefecture of Japan developed a new technology for molding materials that can be biodegraded from bamboo.
Japan's bamboo industry has a strong bamboo culture and high-tech connotation, leading the world's bamboo processing and utilization.
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