On the contrary, if the temperature decreases, the adjustment cylinder is also closed. Throughout the process, the opening degree of the adjustment sleeve is controlled based on the temperature changes in the mixed fluid, ultimately achieving the goal of linearly adjusting the flow rate of the cold fluid. The control principle typically involves a temperature-sensing element that regulates the solenoid valve to manage the outlet flow. This method is widely used in practice but has several limitations in real-world applications.
For each specific temperature range, different adjustment springs can be used to modify the temperature control range. These characteristics are usually represented by a curve. Figure (a) shows the temperature-expansion pressure characteristic curve of the temperature-sensing medium, while figure (b) illustrates the relationship between the output force of the medium and the corresponding opening height. This relationship is crucial for understanding the performance of the system.
Another important function of the spring set is to provide a reset mechanism. To ensure quick return of the outer drum of the adjusting cylinder to its initial position when the temperature changes, a certain pre-tension force is required, which is provided by the spring group. Once the temperature control valve opens, the temperature-sensing medium expands. When the temperature drops, the medium contracts, but the valve stem and adjusting cylinder cannot automatically reset without the assistance of the spring group.
The design concept relies on the expansion force generated by the temperature-sensing medium, which results in high bearing loads on the spring. Due to installation constraints, the size of the spring is limited, so a parallel cylindrical spiral compression spring is often used. This type of spring can be further divided into isometric and unequal deformation side-by-side combined compression springs.
To meet the three key requirements—load capacity, stroke, and space constraints—it is necessary to make the winding ratios of the inner and outer springs equal, with a calculated value of C = GKKP/Hb. Additionally, to prevent contact between the two layers during operation and to simplify assembly, a radial clearance e should be maintained between them. Typically, e is calculated as (Dw - Dn) - (dw + dn)/2, and it is common to take e = (dw - dn)/2.
When designing a spring group for a temperature control valve with a defined temperature range, four key parameters must first be determined: maximum load, minimum load, spring working stroke, and the outer diameter of the outer spring. The minimum load corresponds to the spring's preload, while the maximum load represents the expansion force of the temperature-sensitive medium at the upper temperature limit. This can be obtained from the characteristic curve. The working stroke refers to the movement of the adjusting cylinder, and the outer diameter is constrained by the valve port size. Using these parameters, the spring can be calculated using established combined spring design methods.
To simplify the design and manufacturing process, the free heights of the individual springs should be equal, allowing them to deform in parallel. As the temperature of the hot and cold fluids entering the valve fluctuates, the outlet temperature changes accordingly, causing the expansion force of the temperature-sensing medium to vary. This continuous adjustment leads to ongoing vibration in the spring group, so the choice of spring material must consider its fatigue resistance.
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