When selecting an internal return pump, several critical factors need to be considered to ensure optimal performance and longevity. First, choose a submersible multistage pump based on the maximum allowable mining capacity of the well. The pump's output must match the actual water inflow; it should be equal to or slightly lower than the well’s actual extraction volume. Pumping beyond this limit can lead to excessive water withdrawal, which not only shortens the lifespan of the deep well pump but may also damage the filter, causing sand to infiltrate and potentially leading to the well becoming unusable.
Secondly, the diameter of the internal return pump must align with the well’s inner diameter. For smooth operation and to allow rapid groundwater collection during pumping, the diameter of the pump body should be about 20-40 mm smaller than the well casing, ensuring an annular gap of 10-20 mm between the pump and the well wall. This adjustment helps reduce operational wear and extends both the well’s and the pump’s lifespan.
Thirdly, the pump head should point downwards, but not at the filter pipe section. Instead, it should aim downwards at the solid pipe portion of the well to prevent sand surges during operation. Determining the appropriate placement involves analyzing the exploration hole’s electrical measurement curves and considering the well's hydrogeological conditions, such as the aquifer's depth, thickness, and lithology, along with the surrounding water source wells. This ensures the pump operates correctly and avoids potential issues.
Fourthly, select a deep well pump based on the well’s allowable mining capacity, adhering to hydrogeological limitations. The pump’s specifications should match the well’s influx volume to optimize its design and ensure efficient water supply.
Finally, choosing a deep well pump requires consideration of total head loss. The pump’s diameter, head (number of stages), and power should be selected based on the pressure needed to transport water from the pump to the ground-level pool or water tower. High heads require larger motors, which can increase operational risks like wear, overheating, and inefficiency. Using a high-head pump for low-pressure applications can lead to excessive flow rates, operating outside optimal ranges, and increased energy costs. Furthermore, prolonged operation under these conditions can damage the well structure, leading to costly repairs and maintenance. Therefore, the pump’s head should be equal to or slightly higher than the total head loss during the water supply process to maintain efficiency and prevent unnecessary wear and tear.
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