PV Power Plant Investment Economics and Social Benefits

Solar energy is a kind of clean and renewable energy. The effective use and vigorous development of solar energy has a positive effect on alleviating the global energy demand and solving the exhaustion of non-renewable energy sources. According to the domestic policy, the paper analyzes the economic benefits and social benefits of investment in photovoltaic power plants for investment in photovoltaic power plants, and points out investment points and development directions for photovoltaic power plants.

1 Introduction

With the vigorous demand for energy in the global economy in recent decades, energy depletion, energy supply shortages, and environmental issues are increasingly attracting attention and attention from the society. Finding alternative and renewable energy sources has become a major issue worldwide. . The development of the ITER (Thermal Fusion Reactor) project is an exploration of humans seeking to solve the energy problem. The project mainly simulates the principle of solar thermal energy generation by internal nuclear fusion. Currently, the project is still in the research stage. The energy generated by solar thermonuclear fusion - solar energy, is a kind of clean and renewable energy. At present, the world is using and developing solar energy.

Photovoltaic power generation is a way of effectively utilizing solar energy by converting sunlight into electricity (photovoltaic effect) and then supplying electricity to users. In the photoelectric conversion process, it is necessary to configure the corresponding equipment and devices, which involves investment, output, economic return on investment and social benefits and other issues. With the continuous development and expansion of the photovoltaic industry scale, these issues need to be reasonably resolved to ensure the photovoltaic industry's good economic and sustainable development.

For the above problems in the photovoltaic industry, this paper will analyze the composition, economic and social benefits of investment in photovoltaic power plants based on actual project experience.

2. PV power plant investment composition

Photovoltaic power plants are mainly divided into ground-based photovoltaic power plants, roof photovoltaic power stations (BAPV) and photovoltaic building integration (BIPV) according to the installation form. Ground-based photovoltaic power stations and roof photovoltaic power stations are the two most widely used forms, with large installed capacity primarily based on ground-based photovoltaic power plants.

Regardless of the type of photovoltaic power station, the power station mainly consists of photovoltaic panels and supports, DC lightning arrester boxes, DC distribution cabinets, inverters, transformers, and power distribution equipment. The largest investment in photovoltaic power stations is the acquisition cost of photovoltaic equipment. Taking the 10MWp ground-based photovoltaic grid-connected project as an example, the total investment ratio of equipment purchase costs is 73.42% (excluding the above equipment, it also includes the cost of cables, high-voltage cabinets, etc.). The following table shows the details of the investment of ground PV power plants:

3. Economic Analysis of PV Power Plant Investment

The economic analysis of PV power plant investment is mainly reflected in several important parameters such as project investment payback period, investment internal rate of return, investment financial net present value, and investment return rate. After conducting an economic analysis of a number of photovoltaic power station projects, it was found that the electricity price and the power generation amount are directly related to the operating income of photovoltaic power plants and are the main factors affecting economic parameters. Costs (including depreciation, maintenance, wages and benefits, insurance, and expenses Sales, etc.) are relatively fixed, and changes in investment and changes in loan interest rates are also two factors that affect economic parameters.

From the investment portfolio of PV power plants, it can be seen that to reduce investment, it is important to reduce equipment purchase costs and construction and engineering costs, which account for about 91% of the total investment, and these two costs need to be in the procurement process and the construction process respectively. In control.

The output (ie, electricity generation) factor needs to be evaluated in the project decision phase according to the geographical distribution of solar energy, and the solar cell panels, cable lines, inverters, transformers, and system efficiency are optimized during the design phase to ensure the output. maximize.

The electricity price factor is greatly affected by the policies, the policies are different, and the electricity prices are not the same everywhere. To ensure that the electricity price factor is beneficial to investment in photovoltaic power plants, it is necessary to understand and grasp the preferential electricity pricing policies in various stages of the project decision-making stage and to avoid the risk of electricity price factors.

Based on the above analysis, the economic analysis of PV power plant investment requires comprehensive consideration of factors such as electricity price, power generation, investment, and interest rate, so as to ensure that all economic parameters are optimal and economic efficiency is maximized.

4. The social benefits of photovoltaic power plants

Today, the world is plagued by increasingly serious environmental pollution problems. The importance of environmental protection has gradually gained recognition and attention from the society. Photovoltaic power generation, as a clean renewable energy source, has a wide and special role for society as a whole.

First of all, photovoltaic power generation helps to save non-renewable resources and balance the single supply of energy. With the large-scale development of petroleum and coal, the reserves of non-renewable energy are decreasing, and the pressure of energy depletion is facing. Therefore, the development of new energy has been raised to a strategic level. The "Renewable Energy Law of the People's Republic of China" passed on February 28, 2005 clearly states that "the state encourages and supports the integration of non-fossil energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy, hydro energy, biomass energy, and ocean energy into the grid." The development of solar energy is in line with national environmental protection and energy conservation policies. The development and construction of photovoltaic power plants can effectively reduce the consumption of conventional energy, especially coal resources, protect the ecological environment and balance the single supply of energy.

Second, photovoltaic power generation can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, reduce the greenhouse effect, and protect the environment. Reference to "Energy Basic Data Collection" (State Planning Commission Energy Institute, 1999.1.) and "Reflections on China's Energy and Energy Issues" (National Development and Reform Commission Energy Bureau, Shi Lishan), Thermal Power Generating Units 0.00035 tons of coal, and burning a ton of standard coal emissions of 2.6 tons of carbon dioxide emissions, so a installed capacity of 10MWp, the first year of power generation of 18.917 million kWh of photovoltaic power plants, the first year to save 6621 tons of standard coal, CO2 emission reduction of 17214 tons During the life cycle of the entire photovoltaic power plant, a total of 150,567 tons of standard coal was saved, and the total CO2 emission reduction was 391,473 tons. It can be seen from this that the intensity and significance of energy saving and emission reduction of photovoltaic power plants are very significant for enterprises, the country, and the entire society.

Once again, the construction of photovoltaic power plants can increase land utilization and value. Photovoltaic power plants generally choose to build on roofs, water surfaces, deserted grounds (including Gobi, deserts, etc.), which greatly increase the utilization rate and value of land. The 30MWp photovoltaic grid-connected power generation project of the first phase of the Pingluo Zhongning Branch of Ningxia is a photovoltaic power station with the largest single capacity in the desert in the desert.

In addition, the construction of photovoltaic power plants can drive local economic growth and employment. The development and construction of photovoltaic power station projects can promote the development of relevant industries in the region, such as building materials and transportation, and play a significant role in expanding employment and developing the tertiary industry, thereby stimulating and promoting the overall development of the regional economy and the society. progress. With the development, construction and operation of photovoltaic power plants, photovoltaic power generation will become another major industry in the region, opening up new growth points for the local economy and stimulating local economic development.

Finally, the development of the photovoltaic industry will make the future world cleaner, safer, and more energy-efficient.

Solar energy is an inexhaustible source of clean renewable energy, with unique advantages and great potential for development. Making full use of solar energy is of great significance to energy conservation, emission reduction, environmental protection, and local economy, while contributing to the sustainable development of global energy.

The photovoltaic industry is currently in a stage of rapid development and is a technology and capital-intensive industry. Economically, the photovoltaic industry has a high barrier to entry, high technical requirements, and high investment returns. However, the increase in equipment prices leads to an increase in power generation costs. It is necessary to reduce the cost of power generation, increase production, and increase project revenue through technological optimization design and management. rate.

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