In recent years, the implementation of wall reforms and the widespread use of new waterproof sealing materials—such as concrete hollow blocks, hollow clay bricks, ceramsite or slag hollow blocks, and aerated concrete blocks—have led to an increasing incidence of water leakage in building exteriors. During rainy or typhoon seasons, this issue becomes even more severe, significantly affecting the aesthetics, durability, and functionality of the structure. To address this, it's essential to develop and apply advanced waterproofing materials like polymer cement mortar or composite waterproof coatings that offer bonding, waterproofing, and crack resistance properties. These materials should be used for external wall waterproofing, while proper waterproofing measures must also be taken during masonry work. The joints between exterior walls and window frames should be sealed with elastic and plastic materials to ensure effective waterproofing.
Over the years, I have gained extensive experience in construction management, focusing on practical solutions to prevent external wall leaks. Here are some key strategies:
First, ensure the quality of the plastering process. Before applying the leveling plaster, it’s crucial to properly moisten the surface of the masonry. A 200mm-wide 16-gauge steel mesh should be installed at the junction of masonry and concrete sections to prevent cracks caused by different expansion coefficients. Any residual wood chips or exposed rebars on concrete walls must be removed to ensure a strong bond between the plaster and the base layer.
When applying the plaster, follow strict mixing ratios and avoid adding extra water during construction. For high-rise buildings, where the exterior walls may require thicker plaster layers, the application should be done in multiple stages, with each layer not exceeding 2cm in thickness. If necessary, steel mesh should be added between layers. Polymer-modified mortar can enhance waterproofing performance. Additionally, any scaffolding pull rods or protrusions on the exterior walls should be cut back, smoothed, and coated with plain cement slurry after being fixed.
Second, inspect and treat the walls thoroughly. Before plastering, all wall holes should be inspected and sealed. Uneven areas should be leveled with 1:3 cement mortar, and if the area is too thick, it should be done in layers or reinforced with steel mesh. Scaffolding holes, tower crane openings, and construction elevator access points must be cleaned and moistened before filling with dry hard concrete. The hole should be filled from the inside out, compacted thoroughly, and the drain pipe should slope downward by 3°-5°. Expansion sleeves should be coated with epoxy resin, and wooden wedges must be avoided. For screw holes in waterproof concrete shear walls, they should be chiseled into a bell shape, filled with expanding cement mortar, and then sealed with polymer waterproof slurry.
If minor mold or honeycomb defects appear on the exterior wall, they should be repaired promptly. For moldy surfaces, remove the loose material, clean the area with a wire brush or pressure washer, and then apply 1:2 or 1:2.5 cement mortar, followed by 14 days of watering. For small honeycombs, clean the surface, keep it moist, and apply the same mortar mix, again followed by 14 days of curing.
Finally, when masonry the exterior walls, avoid uneven joints and ensure consistent mortar joints. Clean the interface between walls and beams/columns, and moisten the bricks before laying them. Do not complete the wall in one go; instead, build it in two or three stages to prevent shrinkage and ensure full solidity. Regularly check the wall’s flatness to avoid excessive thickness or thinness.
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