Biogas fertilizer is a type of organic fertilizer that contains a full range of essential nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. It is particularly rich in volatile ammonia nitrogen, which makes it important to apply it correctly. If used improperly, the fertilizer may lose its effectiveness, and crops may not achieve the desired yield increase. Below are some key application techniques for biogas fertilizer:
First, it should not be stored for long periods. After being removed from the biogas digester, it should be applied directly to the field or soil. If time is limited, it can be temporarily piled outside the digester for no more than a day or two. However, if left for too long, the available nitrogen will evaporate. Studies show that when biogas slurry is exposed to the open air, total nitrogen loss can reach around 65%, and ammonia nitrogen loss can be as high as 87%.
Biogas slurry is best used as a base fertilizer. When applying it to paddy fields, it's ideal to spread it directly into the field so that the mud and fertilizer mix well. The recommended application rate is about 2000 kg per mu. It is best to apply it on dry soil using methods such as spot application or furrow application, followed by a layer of about 10 cm of soil to reduce nutrient loss due to volatilization.
Biogas liquid fertilizer, on the other hand, should be used as a top dressing. Before application, it should be diluted with water depending on the quality of the fertilizer and the crop’s growth stage. This helps prevent damage to young roots and leaves.
When combined with chemical fertilizers, biogas fertilizer can enhance its effectiveness. For example, ammonium water and ammonium bicarbonate are low-cost nitrogen fertilizers that are alkaline and prone to volatilization. Mixing them with biogas slurry helps improve soil solubility, nutrient absorption, and overall fertilizer efficiency. A recommended mixture is 0.5–1 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or ammonia water added to every 50 kg of biogas slurry.
Additionally, combining biogas slurry with superphosphate can also improve the efficiency of the phosphate fertilizer.
By following these proper application techniques, farmers can maximize the benefits of biogas fertilizer while minimizing nutrient losses. With careful handling and appropriate combinations, biogas fertilizer can play a significant role in sustainable agriculture.
Xu Chengwen, Fushun Shengli Economic Development Zone, Liaoning Province
Farmers Daily
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