1. Nominal voltage UN
Corresponds to the rated voltage of the protected system; in the information technology system, this parameter indicates the type of protector that should be selected, and it marks the effective value of the AC voltage.
2. Rated voltage UC (maximum continuous operating voltage)
Can be permanently added to the designated end of surge protector without causing changes in the characteristics of the surge protector and activation of the maximum rms voltage of the protective element; the UC value must match the nominal voltage of the protected system, as well as in the system installation book Within the limits of the specification.
3. Nominal current IN
The maximum operating current at the designated end through the surge protector.
4. Nominal discharge current isn
According to the special classification test requirements, surge current peaks of 8/20 μs waveforms are generated by the surge protector.
5. The maximum discharge current Imax
Surge protectors safely discharge 8/20μs waveform inrush current peaks.
6. Lightning impulse current Iimp
Analog lightning currents similar to the natural lightning characteristics (peak, charge, and specific energy) of 10/350 μs waveform; lightning current surge arresters must be able to discharge such lightning currents several times without damage.
7. The total discharge current multiphase surge protector or combined single-phase surge protector has a total pulse current discharge capability.
8. Voltage protection level UC
The maximum voltage of the protector in the following tests.
1.2/50μs (100%) standard lightning impulse flashover voltage;
1KV/μs slope flashover voltage;
Residual pressure of rated discharge current;
For power system lightning arresters, the overvoltage classification according to DINVDE0110-1;1997-04 can be divided into one, two, three and four protection devices, and the protection level determines the installation position; the protection level must be protected in the information system. System and device compatibility are matched.
9. Interrupt Ability (Subsequent Current Arc Extinguishing Ability) If
The effective value of the main follow-up current that can be extinguished by the lightning arrestor itself under UC, see EDINVDE 0675-6/A:1996-03;
10. Short circuit withstand capability The maximum short circuit current that a lightning protector can withstand when connected to a superior fuse;
11. Overload protection Overload protection equipment installed to prevent overheating of the protector due to overload on the main power circuit. Such as: insurance or fuse 12. Complex wave UOC
A 1.2/50μs open-circuit voltage pulse and an 8/20μs short-circuit current pulse are sent by the hybrid wave generator. The open circuit voltage is expressed by UOC, and its value is mostly expressed in the class D surge arrester.
13. N-PE protector The N-PE protector is a protector that can only be installed between the N-PE conductors.
14. Working temperature zone (nominal temperature zone)
Indicates the temperature range in which the surge protector can work normally.
15. Response time tA
The main response is the action sensitivity of the special protection element in the protector. The breakdown time can change in a certain time depending on the slope of du/dt or di/dt.
16. Thermal-sensitive trip units with voltage-controlled resistors (varistors) are equipped with a suspended trip unit, so that when a certain temperature is reached (overload or failure), the protector and the main line can be quickly shut off. Connect to prevent fire. The function of this trip device can be detected by simulating the overload of the protector.
17. Protection class Protection material protection class (IP number) is tested according to DIN EN 60529 (VDE0470 Part1).
18. Protection Circuits A protection circuit can be multistage. A protector can consist of spark gaps, varistors, and semiconductors. Decoupling components are sometimes used between the stages to achieve energy matching.
19. Data transfer rate VS
Indicates how many bits are transmitted in one second, in units of bps. It is a reference value for the correct selection of lightning protector in the data transmission system; the data transmission rate of the lightning protection device depends on the transmission mode of the system.
The transmission rate is derived from the frequency bandwidth. The theoretical relationship between the transmission rate and the frequency bandwidth in the signal system is:
Vs=2fG (In practical applications, Vs=1.25fG)
20. Frequency bandwidth fG
The frequency bandwidth reflects the frequency response of the protector, that is, the frequency at which the insertion loss is 3db.
If you do not consider other parameter changes, refer to the 50 Euro system frequency.
twenty one. Return loss aR
The echo loss represents the proportion of the frontier wave reflected at the protection device (reflective point) and is a parameter directly measuring whether the protection device is compatible with the system impedance.
twenty two. Insertion loss aE
The ratio of the voltage before and after the protector is inserted at a given frequency. If you do not consider other parameter changes, refer to the 50 Euro system frequency.
twenty three. UN discharge current at the nominal voltage UN, non-fault line to ground or line to other external conductive part of the continuous current.
twenty four. Thunderstorms can be heard more than once a day on a thunderstorm day as a thunderstorm day.
25. Directly hit Lei Lei directly hit the building, producing electrical effects, thermal effects and mechanical force.
26. Inductive lightning induced electrical discharge and electromagnetic induction on nearby conductors, which may cause sparks between metal parts.
27. Lightning Wave Intrusion As a result of thunder and lightning acting on overhead lines or metal pipes, lightning waves may intrude into the house along these lines, endangering personal safety or damaging equipment.
28. Lightning Strike Electromagnetic Pulses are the direct lightning strikes of interference sources and the effects caused by nearby lightning strikes. The vast majority are interferences caused by connecting conductors, such as lightning currents or partial lightning currents, the potential of devices hit by lightning, and electromagnetic radiation interference.
29. The equipotential bonding connects separate devices to conductive objects using equipotential bonding conductors or surge protectors to reduce the potential difference between the lightning currents.
30. Most of the discharges in the thunderclouds are slivers of lightning. The lightning of the linear lightning is covered by clouds, and the light of the lightning illuminates the clouds above, and the lightning shows flake-like light.
Slats have little effect on the ground.
31. The discharge between the linear thundercloud and the earth appears mostly in the form of a line. Generally, the lower part of the thundercloud is negatively charged and the upper part is positively charged. Due to the negative induction of the thundercloud, a large amount of positive charges are induced on the nearby ground, thus forming a strong electric field between the ground and the thundercloud. As with the thundercloud discharge, when the density of charge accumulated at a certain place causes the electric field strength of the air to reach the critical point of ionization, it triggers a lightning strike.
Banded thunder is a kind of linear lightning. In the course of lightning, it happens that there are horizontal winds blowing through the lightning passages, and several lightning discharge passages are blown apart. The lightning passage is widened by naked eyes.
32. Ball lightning is referred to as ball thunder and ball flash. A ball ray is a colored flaming sphere, usually represented by an orange or red sphere of 100 to 300 mm in diameter, sometimes blue, green, yellow, or purple, with a maximum diameter of up to 1000 mm; The time is from a few hundredths of a second to several minutes, usually between three and five seconds, and the radiated power is less than 200W.
When a ball mine descends from the sky, it has a relatively small, sometimes silent sound. Sometimes the squeaking sound will only produce a loud explosion when it encounters objects or electrical equipment during the falling and jumping process. Objects in the explosion cause damage and produce ozone, nitrogen dioxide or sulfur odor.
After a ball dart descends vertically from the sky, it sometimes jumps about 1 to 2 meters per second in the horizontal direction at a height of about 1 meter from the ground; sometimes the ball mine rolls at a height of 0.5 to 1 meter above the ground, or suddenly It rises 2 to 3 meters. Therefore, folks often call it a land mine. The ball mines often enter the room along the building's holes or open doors or windows, or roll into the building along vertical building shafts, and most of the charged bodies disappear.
33. A kind of lightning that is rarely seen in lightning-like lightning, some people think it is a kind of ball mine.
Lightning is divided into cloud lightning, cloud lightning (cloud flash), cloud lightning (ground flash) according to the spatial location of the lightning. Among them, the ground flash is divided into landing thunder and direct thunder and is the main research object of lightning protection.
34. Spider lightning Spider lightning refers to the spectacular discharge phenomenon that occurs in the dissipating phase or layered rainfall phase of a thunderstorm cloud that occurs near the cloud bottom with a wide range of horizontal development and multiple bifurcation discharge channels.
The so-called "spider" lightning is because the discharge under the clouds is much slower than the general speed of lightning development and the form of multi-level bifurcations. The development characteristics of each channel are similar to those of spiders. The spider-like lightning seen by naked eyes is very spectacular. According to observational experience, this kind of lightning does not usually occur very often. At present, there are no systematic observations and statistical results. In the thunderstorm cloud dissipation period during the more vigorous development in southern China, the phenomenon of spider discharge was observed using an ordinary camera.
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