How to quickly determine the quality of CBN grinding wheels
Overall observation of the grinding process
Due to the increasing complexity of the machining process, an overall observation of the grinding process is necessary. This means that specific requirements are placed on the configuration of the grinding wheel to be used, depending on the application. At this time, the surface shape (ie, the area of ​​action of the cutter head) is often involved. In order to be able to describe and evaluate the relevant surfaces in a specific way, modern measurement techniques and methods must be used. This allows an objective assessment of the results and quality levels of the tool flow with particulates at any point in time. This is also a prerequisite for ensuring stable processing quality.
During electroplating bonding, the grinding wheel particles are deposited onto the conductive disk by precipitation of the electrolyte and nickel or chromium (Fig. 1). This process has random features that affect the quality characteristics being detected. In order to characterize the wheel lining, a large variety of different detection features are employed. Important features obtained by inspection are bond hardness, particle size and particle density. In addition, data such as the number of blade statics, the number of blade dynamics, and the blade pitch are also used to evaluate the tool surface. The latter two parameters already contain the dynamics of the process. With today's advanced measurement technology, the measurement cost will be higher.
The grinding process has always played a very important role in the machining of tools and components. Compared to other types of cutting technology, the advantages of the grinding process are its good machinability for hard materials, high dimensional tolerance accuracy (IT5~6) and small ripples and roughness of the ground surface. Degree (Rz = 1~3μm).
Since the basic shape of the electroplated grinding wheel is extremely plastic and easy to cut, this process is particularly suitable for demanding processing applications. The electroplated layer of the grinding wheel is characterized in that, on the one hand, it is necessary to grind the particles by high quality to meet the requirements of the wear limit range, and on the other hand, it is necessary to leave a space for discharging the chips.
Material bearing weight ratio is an important detection feature
Another important detection feature of the quality evaluation of the grinding wheel is the material bearing ratio and material ratio curve (Abbott curve), as shown in Figure 2. The material bearing ratio reflects the percentage of the surface of the grinding wheel below this value in the 3D section at a certain value. This parameter is very important for the evaluation of the relationship between the use of the grinding wheel and the specific processing tasks. Within the framework of the research project, through the cooperation of FGWRemscheide.V. and GFEschmalkaldene.V. and the participation of a collaboration committee, a contactless measurement technology solution was developed to determine the weight-bearing ratio of materials. In order to make this measurement technology work, we conducted a correlation study between the measurement results obtained by the electroplated grinding wheel and the processing results.
The first step was to develop image processing methods and image photography strategies, as well as test bench planning, design, and processing, using a combination of stereo and co-focus microscopes to automatically and objectively determine the material load-bearing ratio on the wheel. In view of the definition of the weight-bearing ratio of the material, the contact-free measurement of this detection feature is first carried out by means of a 3D photoelectric measurement technique. The test was carried out on a new test bench (Fig. 3). With this test rig, 3D image data can be generated in the microscopic range by stereoscopic microscopy and variation of the working pitch. The generated data forms the basis for the development of the logarithmic method required to determine the load-bearing ratio of materials.
Determination of load-bearing ratio of electroplated grinding wheel by contactless working method
The second step is to conduct a correlation study on the grinding wheel processing results. For this purpose, a set of parameters that can be replicated is used to generate a realistic wear condition and a series of grinding tests are performed. Then, based on the electronic grating and photomicrography of the tool and workpiece characteristics, the compensation is realized by the results of the newly developed image processing technology on the basis of the new optoelectronic structure. Through this repetitive process, the correlation between the measured material load-bearing ratio and the actual grinding wheel machining result can be verified, and the function and usability of the image collecting method can also be realized by means of an instrument.
Finally, a contactless technical process for determining the proportion of the weight of the electroplated grinding wheel material was developed in the research project. The instrumental basis for this work is a test site that combines stereomicroscopy and confocal microscopy.
The economic advantage of this approach is for the enterprise to make a quick and characterization of the surface state. Through the test bench, the material ratio curve of the tool can be determined quickly, simply, reproducibly and recordably. The knowledge gained helps users continue to develop their own products.
The rolled aluminium plate can be divided into twe types : Aluminium Hot Rolled Plate and aluminium cold rolled plate . Rolling is classified according to the temperature of the metal rolled. If the temperature of the metal is above its recrystallizationtemperature, then the process is known as hot rolling. If the temperature of the metal is below its recrystallization temperature, the process is known as cold rolling.
Different of cold rolled plate and hot rolled plate:
1. The accuracy of cold rolled plate is higher, the thickness of cold rolled plate is not more than xxxxxx mm.
2. The thinner, the thinner and the thin rolling 0.001mm steel strip; Hot rolling is now the thinnest to reach 0.78 mm.
3. The surface quality is superior, cold rolled steel plates can even produce mirror surface; On the surface of hot rolled plate, there are iron oxide and other defects.
4. Cold rolling can adjust its mechanical properties according to user requirements, such as tensile strength and process performance such as stamping performance. Cold rolling and hot rolling are two different kinds of rolling steels. As the name implies, cold rolling is made in steel at room temperature. Hot rolled steel is rolled in high temperature.
Hot rolled palte
Product Type
Typical Alloys
Typical Temper
Specification (mm)
Thickness
Width
length
Hot Rolled plate
3XXX & 5XXX
F/112
12-260
1000-3800
2000-38000
2XXX & 6XXX&7XXX
F/112
12-260
1000-3800
2000-38000
Annealed Plate
3XXX & 5XXX
O/H111
3.0-12
1000-2600
2000-24000
O
12-260
1000-3800
2000-38000
2XXX & 6XXX&7XXX
O
3.0-12
1000-2600
2000-24000
O
12-260
1000-3800
2000-38000
Quenched plate
2XXX & 6XXX&7XXX
T4/T6
4.0-12
1000-2600
2000-24000
12-260
1000-3800
2000-38000
Stretching Plate
2XXX & 6XXX&7XXX
T351/T451/T651
4.0-12
1000-2600
2000-24000
12-260
1000-3800
2000-38000
3003/5052/5083/5A06
2024/6061/7020/7075/7021
3003/5052/5754/5182/5083/5086/5A06
2024/6061/7020/7075
2024/6005A/6061/6082
/7020/7N01/7075/7050
2017/2024/6061/6082/7020
/7N01/7075/7050
T7X51
Cold rolled plate
Aluminium Rolled Plate,Hot Rolled Thick Plate,Aluminium Hot Rolled Plate,Aluminium Thick Plate
La Ya Aluminium products Co.,Ltd. , https://www.layametal.com