During operation, if the oil pressure drops below 0.2MPa or fluctuates with engine speed, stop the machine immediately to identify and fix the issue before resuming work. Ignoring this can lead to serious mechanical damage such as cylinder burning or scoring. Here are the main causes of low oil pressure:
1. Low Oil Level: Insufficient oil reduces the oil pump's capacity to circulate oil, leading to lower pressure. This increases wear on the crankshaft, bearings, and piston rings.
2. High Engine Temperature: Excessive heat accelerates oil degradation and thinning, which in turn lowers oil pressure and affects lubrication efficiency.
3. Oil Pump Malfunction: If the oil pump’s drive gear or shaft pin breaks, or if foreign objects jam the gears, the pump may stop working entirely, causing zero oil pressure. Worn internal components like the pump shaft and bushing can also reduce oil delivery.
4. Excessive Clearance in Bearings: Over time, increased clearance between the crankshaft and connecting rod bearings leads to reduced oil pressure due to higher oil leakage.
5. Clogged Oil Filter: A blocked filter restricts oil flow. If the safety valve doesn’t open properly, oil bypasses the filter, reducing pressure in the main passage and affecting overall lubrication.
6. Faulty Return Valve: A damaged return valve or worn sealing surfaces can allow excessive oil to return, lowering the pressure in the main oil passage.
7. Leakage in Oil Radiator or Pipes: Leaks reduce the effective oil volume, while clogs increase resistance and lower pressure.
8. Failed Oil Pressure Sensor or Blockage: A faulty sensor or a clogged line between the oil passage and the sensor can cause incorrect pressure readings, even if the actual pressure is normal.
9. Blocked Oil Suction Pan: Dirty or sticky oil can clog the suction pan, especially at high RPM, reducing the oil pump’s ability to draw oil and causing a drop in pressure.
10. Incorrect Oil Grade or Poor Quality: Using the wrong oil or low-quality oil can lead to excessive leakage, reducing oil pressure and compromising engine performance.
11. Improper Pressure Regulator Settings: If the regulator is set too low, it won’t provide enough pressure for proper lubrication. Too high a setting can increase fuel consumption and stress on the system.
It’s essential to regularly check oil levels, maintain clean filters, use the correct oil grade, and ensure all components are functioning properly to avoid costly engine damage. Always refer to the manufacturer’s guidelines for maintenance and troubleshooting.
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