Alcohol water hydrogen fuel cell machine let the green energy and circular economy fly

On the occasion of the New Year, a large area of ​​fog also crossed the New Year. At the beginning of the New Year, it brought heavy environmental pressure to our country. The adjustment of energy structure has accelerated the formation of a forceful mechanism in our country. How to use clean energy efficiently and safely has become an urgent and important issue.

Circular economy refers to the transformation of the traditional linear economy, which is dependent on resource consumption, into an economy that depends on the development of an eco-friendly resource cycle. China attaches great importance to the development of recycling economy, building a resource-saving society, and constantly improving the efficiency of resource utilization. However, economic and social development still faces enormous resource pressures. Is there an inherent relationship between green energy and circular economy? Does today's technology have been exploring the solution of green energy while at the same time promoting the realization and development of circular economy? After two years of in-depth investigations and visits, the reporter took the issue and found a gratifying answer in a private enterprise in Guangdong.

Hydrogen: Become a Green Energy Leader

Hydrogen energy has the characteristics of high calorific value, clean and pollution-free, abundant sources, etc. It exemplifies the classic process of recycling and sustainable development of natural materials and is recognized as the most ideal human energy source. Hydrogen energy is inexhaustible. In addition to obtaining hydrogen energy from fossil energy, hydrogen can also be obtained through renewable energy sources such as biomass, solar energy, and wind energy. At present, there are three main ways of using hydrogen energy, including direct combustion, conversion to hydrogen through fuel cells and nuclear fusion. Among them, the conversion of hydrogen energy into electricity by hydrogen fuel cells is the most efficient and safe way of use. Through electrochemical reactions, fuel cells can directly convert hydrogen energy into electricity and water, without emitting any harmful substances. Hydrogen fuel cells supply hydrogen and oxygen to the cathode and the anode, respectively, through an electrochemical reaction. After hydrogen diffuses through the cathode and reacts with the electrolyte, electrons are released to the anode through an external load instead of using combustion (gas, diesel) or storage. Energy (battery) mode. The hydrogen fuel cell core is a proton exchange membrane (PEM), which is responsible for separating hydrogen protons from electrons.

The development and utilization of hydrogen energy has been listed as an important national policy by many developed countries. Developed countries and regions such as the United States, Europe, and Japan have formulated long-term hydrogen energy development strategies from the perspective of national sustainable development and security strategies. As one of the sponsors of the International Organization for International Hydrogen Economy and Fuel Cell Partnership Program, China organized the 23rd Session of the Steering Committee of the International Hydrogen Economy and Fuel Cell Partnership Program in Wuhan in 2015 to establish a mechanism to realize Efficient cooperation focuses on the international research, development, demonstration, and commercial use of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies.

The production of hydrogen in chemical plants has long been not a problem, but how to use hydrogen easily and at any time becomes the key. The nature of low hydrogen density makes it difficult to store at normal temperature and pressure, and there is a danger of explosion after leakage. The use cost of about 90% of hydrogen is used for pressure storage and transportation. Therefore, the storage and transportation safety of hydrogen and the use cost issue have become major bottlenecks restricting the development of hydrogen energy. Is it possible to avoid the "pressure storage, storage and transportation" link of hydrogen and convert concentrated hydrogen production into distributed hydrogen production so that atmospheric hydrogen can be readily available? In March 2016, the “Energy Technology Revolutionary Innovation Action Plan (2016-2030)” published by the National Energy Administration was included in the national distribution of hydrogen production. At present, distributed hydrogen production mainly includes the electrolysis of water to hydrogen production and methanol reforming to hydrogen production. Hydrogen production from electrolyzed water is a more commonly used distributed hydrogen production method. However, due to the relatively high cost of preparation, high losses, and the difficulty of equipment It is difficult to popularize hydrogen production from electrolyzed water. Relatively speaking, hydrogen production from methanol reforming is a convenient and feasible way. Directly through chemical reactions, methanol can generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

Hydrogen production from methanol reforming requires the separation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The most commonly used method is pressure swing adsorption (PSA). This method is relatively stable and can produce high-purity hydrogen. It is widely believed that this method is not easy to achieve structural miniaturization. . In contrast, the membrane technology that can make the structure smaller has the problem that the cost is too high (mainly the cost of the catalyst). From this point of view, the breakthrough in membrane technology will play a crucial role in the miniaturization of methanol reforming hydrogen production equipment, and may directly affect the large-scale promotion and application of hydrogen energy.

Methanol: A Renewable, Distributed Energy Source

Distributed generation is a system that places power generation systems in a small-scale, decentralized manner near users and can independently output electricity, heat, or cold energy. Compared with traditional power plants, distributed generation is closer to users, does not require high-voltage power transmission systems, and is quick to construct, has low operating costs, and is economical, safe, and flexible. It can reduce the damage to the environment from traditional thermal power generation. To meet the requirements of sustainable energy development. When referring to renewable electricity generated by cloth-type power generation, people may think of photovoltaic and wind power first. However, due to factors such as the rotation of the earth, climate, and geographical factors, solar energy and wind energy have obvious intermittent characteristics and cannot directly meet the sustainable use of electricity by humans. demand. In addition, the more common distributed generation methods are natural gas power generation, biogas power generation, hydrogen power generation, and biomass power generation. As a renewable energy source, methanol can be obtained from biomass, can be directly used for power generation, and can also be transformed into hydrogen to generate electricity. It is an energy source for renewable distributed generation.

Methanol direct combustion power generation is the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy, and then converted from mechanical energy to electrical energy, the secondary conversion efficiency is too low, generally not used, direct fuel cell fuel cell DMFC power generation technology, only the relevant results of Toshiba in Japan before and after 2012 were reported. Reports so far have been rare. In order to understand more fully the feasibility of a renewable distributed generation energy source, the reporter collected and compared the existing four methanol power generation routes and found that only the technology that turns methanol into hydrogen and then uses hydrogen to generate electricity is The most mature, but also has a relatively high conversion efficiency and environmental protection index (see table).

Alcohol water hydrogen fuel cell efficient one machine

At present, many experts and scholars are working hard to solve the problem of alcohol-water hydrogen fuel cell power generation technology. The principle is to use methanol and water mixed solution to use the catalyst for catalytic reforming to produce reformed gas, and then use purified membrane to purify the reformed gas to obtain high Purity hydrogen. Why use a mixed solution of methanol and water as raw material? Methanol (CH3OH) contains four hydrogen atoms, and water (H2O) contains two hydrogen atoms. After the two are mixed and then catalyzed, six hydrogen atoms can be obtained, which greatly improves the hydrogen production efficiency.

The conclusion seems to have come out. It is hoped that there will be a completely new type of new energy power generation equipment. This equipment will use methanol with high energy density, renewable, and convenient storage and transportation as a fuel. This equipment uses membrane technology to make the equipment small enough for membranes. The cost can not be high, it can produce high-purity hydrogen, and the performance is stable, and then it can directly dock with the hydrogen fuel cell.

Hydrogenerator: Methanol Water Generator Completely Developed by China

Three years ago, a company specializing in the R&D and industrialization of methanol steam catalytic reforming of hydrogen fuel cells, “Guangdong Hede Energy Technology Co., Ltd.” (hereinafter referred to as “Comprehension”) settled in Dongguan, Guangdong. In the past three years, the reporter has followed the technological innovation and industrial development of this company.

The technical inventor led his team to combine methanol steam catalytic hydrogenation with hydrogen fuel cell technology to achieve integrated power generation, and the device is called a "hydro-hydrogenerator." In 2009 the team developed their first prototype and iteratively developed the equipment. Nowadays, the self-developed water/hydrogen machine has more than 80 core components and independently possesses 4 sets of core membrane technology. It independently possesses the 3-5-7 technology with higher power generation efficiency (ie, 3 kg of methanol can produce 5 labels. Hydrogen gas is 7 degrees. In the application and development of water-hydrogen generators, we have already produced household and commercial generators such as electric mobile charging treasures and camping generators. We have also applied water-hydrogen generators to the automotive sector and water-hydrogen engines as the energy source for automobiles. The power system, and the successive production of hydro-hydraulic policing vehicles, hydro-hydrogen tourism light cars, etc., and successfully modified the hydro-electric EV models such as cars, buses, sightseeing vehicles.

Through nearly 10 years of research and development, the company has made remarkable progress in the hydrogen steam catalytic reforming of hydrogen fuel cells. The advantages of water hydrogen machines are also becoming more and more obvious: the hydrogen purity is more than 99.9999%; the equipment performance is stable. , The related products have been continuously working for 11 months; achieved miniaturization, the size of the computer from the previous size of the wardrobe into the current size of the computer, 30kw water and hydrogen machine size is only 1210 × 270 × 800mm; power generation efficiency is also greatly improved, each Kilograms of methanol can produce 2.3 kWh of electricity; the equipment can be quickly started and remotely controlled; the equipment system is safe and reliable without any high pressure hydrogen storage equipment; the whole machine has almost no moving parts and the noise is less than 55db.

At present, the team of the China team has more than 500 patents, including "a generator based on methanol water-hydrogen system and its power generation method" "a methanol steam reforming hydrogen production equipment and hydrogen production method" " Membrane separators for methanol water production equipment and their preparation methods, etc., involve core patents for fuel reformation, fuel cell, and hydrogen purification, master reactor development and engineering technologies for multiple fuel reforming hydrogen production, and world-leading fuels. Battery system integration technology and a variety of different scenes of a variety of hydrogen purification and hydrogen production equipment process. In 2015, the “Research and Application of High-efficiency and Safe Mobile Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research for New Energy Vehicles” project was approved by the Guangdong Science and Technology Department for a major project of applied science and technology R&D special funds. In 2016, the company passed the appraisal of more than 20 expert academicians of the Evaluation Institute of the Zhongguancun Land Evaluation Institute. It highly praised that the hydro-hydrogen machine is a symbolic machine in the era of hydrogen energy and is a product of the development of steam engines and internal combustion engines. It unanimously affirmed the hydro-hydrogen machine. The extensive application of the social value and economic value. From 2014 to 2016, the Center for Science and Technology Information of the Guangdong Provincial Institute of Scientific and Technical Information issued the "Methanol Water Hydrogen Fuel Cell Power Supply System," "Methanol Water Hydrogen Production Technology and Its Application in Power Generation Systems," a combination of “Study and development of independent fuel cell hydrogen production fuel cell vehicles” and other new research reports, the overall conclusion is: no see the same technical route, a number of similar technical route indicators (including equipment size, hydrogen purity, power generation efficiency, start Time, etc.) There are no similar reports in the literature.

In addition, the company is working hard to achieve interconnection with a variety of industries in mobile power, emergency power, out-of-home power, and backup power. While accelerating industrial applications, the pace of innovation that is immediately available is accelerating. At the same time of further increasing the efficiency of power generation, further reducing costs, and further miniaturization, it is also necessary to actively prepare and distribute the methanol upstream to the biomass. We cooperate with carbon dioxide capture.

Great innovation comes from dare to think, dare to do and tireless pursuit. Today, as national technological innovation policies, the environment, and the demand increase, scientific and technological innovation needs the self-confidence of the nation. The invention of the steam engine in 1769 belonged to the United Kingdom. In 1876, the invention of the internal combustion engine belonged to Germany. In 1946, the invention of the computer belonged to the United States. In 2009, whether the water-hydrogen function belongs to China or not, can it leave an indelible mark in the history of human technological innovation? History will give the best answer.

Methanol power route comparison

Path Route Technology Status Conversion Efficiency Environmental Index

Path 1 Methanol - Internal Combustion Engine - Power matures 20% - 30% emissions PM2.5

Path 2 (DMFC) Methanol - Fuel Cell - Immature Electricity 10% - 30% Non-emission PM2.5

Path 3 Methanol - Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines - Power matures 25% - 45% emissions of PM2.5

Path 4 (IMFC) Methanol - Hydrogen Fuel Cells - Power matures 35% - 70% No emissions PM2.5

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