The multi-cropping index of greenhouse vegetables is high, the yield is high, and the amount of fertilizer is large. The base fertilizer has great influence on the yield, quality and soil properties of vegetables. It is the most basic link in fertilization and is essential for the growth and development of vegetable crops. Therefore, the base fertilizer must be applied reasonably, and the following problems should be noted when applying the base fertilizer:
First, determine the amount of fertilizer based on the target yield of vegetables
To determine the amount of fertilizer applied to the greenhouse, it is necessary to consider the soil fertility and the amount of fertilizer required for vegetables. Generally 30% of the total nitrogen fertilizer, 80% of the phosphate fertilizer, and 50% of the potassium fertilizer are used as the base fertilizer, and the biological fertilizer and the micro-fertilizer are all applied as much as possible. For example, the yield of autumn 茬 tomato is generally 8,000-9000 kg. In this production range, 4,000 kg of nitrogen, 1.1 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 4.8 kg of potassium oxide should be absorbed for each 1000 kg of tomato produced. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.25. : 1.1, more calcium, boron, etc. are needed. Among them, the high-phosphorus fertilizer should be selected as the base fertilizer, and the low-phosphorus fertilizer should be used as the top dressing. The amount of base fertilizer is preferably 40-50 kg, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:1:0.75; the application rate is 75-85 kg, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.2:0.85.
Second, ensure that the amount of organic fertilizer is sufficient
Organic fertilizer (including farmyard manure, manure and cake fertilizer) is most suitable for base fertilizer application. For old greenhouses with high soil fertility, more bio-organic fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer. To maintain soil fertility and organic matter in the shed without reducing or slightly increasing, organic fertilizer must be added to the greenhouse soil. According to the change law of soil organic matter in greenhouse and the principle that the ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen is 1:0.4～1, the highest yield is calculated. It is necessary to maintain the soil organic matter in greenhouse for more than 2% to ensure higher yield and should be applied every year. The organic fertilizer with an organic content of 30% is not less than 2000 kg/mu.
3. Determine the application method of the base fertilizer according to the weather and growth characteristics
When applying the base fertilizer, it is mainly based on large-volume crude organic fertilizer such as decomposed soil and fertilizer, manure, etc., which is 6-8 cubic meters per mu to increase soil organic matter and carbon materials, and a small amount of high-quality bio-organic fertilizer (generally The dosage is 100-150 kg) and the sustained-release potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 75-100 kg. Controlled release fertilizer is used to regulate the release rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer, to avoid the occurrence of high temperature and prevent root diseases. After fruit setting, the whole element fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied with water.
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