In the grain structure, wheat occupies a dominant position. During the wheat planting and harvesting process, pests and diseases seriously affect the quality and yield of wheat. This paper explores the planting techniques and pest control measures used in wheat growth.
1 Wheat planting technology
1.1 There are many types of wheat to be scientifically selected. When selecting seeds, it is necessary to carry out scientific research in combination with the actual situation of the planting area. Each wheat variety has a suitable growth environment, so when selecting seeds, it must be combined with the reasonable conditions of precipitation, temperature, soil quality, etc. of the planting area. When selecting seeds, we must ensure the purity of seeds, which is also the basis for high quality and high yield of wheat [1]. In recent years, the variety of wheat diseases and pests has been increasing. When selecting wheat, it is preferred to select varieties with strong disease resistance and disease resistance. The government and agricultural-related functional departments should actively encourage farmers to plant high-quality wheat varieties, use interplanting methods, and focus on the prevention of serious pest and disease planting areas.
1.2 Actively improve farming methods When planting wheat, it is necessary to pay attention to scientific rotation and scientifically control the incidence rate. It should be noted that it is not possible to plant wheat several times in the same field, which will reduce the yield of wheat and affect the economic benefits. It is necessary to scientifically rotate wheat for planting, and scientifically coordinate the rotation time. During the growth of wheat, the required nutrients are relatively fixed, and the structure of nutrients in the soil is also relatively stable. It is assumed that in the same wheat field, continuous wheat planting will affect the high-efficiency absorption of nutrients in the soil. Usually, a maximum of 3 years of wheat is continuously planted in the same plot, and then other crops are planted, so that the yield and quality of the wheat are guaranteed.
1.3 Scientific sowing Scientifically planting wheat is conducive to increasing its yield. The number of wheat planted, growth temperature, and ridge distance will have a great impact on the quality and yield of wheat. Therefore, in the process of wheat planting, in order to increase the yield of wheat, we must first control the planting temperature. Under normal circumstances, the temperature should be kept at least 10 °C, the ridge distance should be kept at 70 cm, and the wheat should be upgraded by scientific precision seeding method. Quality and yield.
1.4 Scientific irrigation and rational fertilization The scope of wheat cultivation is wide. There is a big gap between the conditions of different planting areas. In some areas where precipitation is scarce, wheat should be watered to ensure the normal growth of wheat. Assuming that water is scarce during the growth of wheat, the protein in the wheat is affected. Therefore, wheat must be watered. In the rainy season, you can use rainwater to ensure the high quality of wheat. In addition to watering, fertilization is also very important. To apply scientific fertilization, to determine the dosage reasonably, to apply delayed fertilizer before planting wheat; when planting wheat, apply fertilizer to make seeds grow faster; during growth, Wheat needs a lot of nutrients. However, the supply of soil is certain. This requires different types of fertilizers to be added at different stages of growth, so that the yield of wheat is higher and farmers' income is improved.
2 Prevention and control measures for wheat pests and diseases
2.1 When seed dressing is used, starting from the seed dressing stage, it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of wheat. The effect of controlling seeds and pests with pesticides is very obvious. Farmers are very happy to use this control method. The wheat seeds mixed with the chemical agent have relatively strong ability to resist diseases and insect pests, and also inhibit the spread of diseases and insect pests between the seeds. In some planting areas where diseases and insect pests are common, seedlings are used to control diseases and insect pests. The effect will be better, and the impact of pests and diseases on wheat will gradually decrease with the increasing popularity of pesticide seed dressing technology [2]. The chemical drugs used in wheat seed dressing must comply with the relevant national regulations. The seed dressing drugs have strong drug efficacy and long-lasting effects. It is recommended to use powder rusting emulsifiable concentrate, which has good anti-pest and disease effects and long duration of drug effect. , up to 90 days.
2.2 Disease control in the greening period In the greening period of wheat, it is necessary to control pests such as sheath blight. Sheath blight occurs in the whole growth period of wheat. This disease is very serious. The control measures are to mix trichlorfon original powder, triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate, viscous WP, and water in a certain proportion. Spray on the stem base of wheat, 2 weeks after the first spraying, and spray a second time.
2.3 Prevention and control of disease at heading stage From the booting stage to the flowering stage of wheat, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of diseases such as rust, powdery mildew and scab. The first two should regularly observe the specific situation. When the degree of pests and diseases reaches a certain standard, it is necessary to use triadimefon emulsifiable concentrate and granules to prevent and control the spread of such pests and diseases; it is recommended to use 110~ for every 1 hm2. 140 g 50% anti-fog wettable powder for the control of scab.
2.4 Disease control during grain filling The grain filling period is the peak period of wheat diseases and insect pests, and it is also the key prevention and control period of diseases and insect pests. During the filling period, special prevention and control of rust should be carried out. The specific control methods are the same as the prevention and control methods at the heading stage.
2.5 Corresponding measures for pest control In the process of wheat growth, if it is infested by aphids and the number of invading wheat reaches hundreds, it is necessary to take certain control measures, and drugs such as insecticide can be used [3]. During the growth process of wheat, it is easy to encounter sucking insect pests. The specific control measures are to lay a layer of phoxim poisonous soil on the ground to prevent the larvae from turning into cockroaches on the ground. Assuming that the pests of wheat occur at the heading stage, it is recommended to use a drug with a significant effect of the polyester component. The use of this drug can also prevent aphids and leaf-eating pests. Measures to control sticky insects: When larvae are used, control with trichlorfon soluble powder twice a day, when spraying drugs, must be uniform, and not only sprayed on wheat, but also sprayed on the weeds in the field, the drugs will be applied The control effect is maximized to minimize the impact of pests.
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