Doors and windows are essential components of a building’s exterior structure, playing a critical role in heat exchange. They are the most vulnerable part of the building envelope, with energy consumption per unit area being 5 to 6 times higher than that of walls. In fact, heat loss through doors and windows can account for over 40% of the total energy loss in a building. To minimize this loss, three main areas should be addressed: heat conduction through aluminum frames, radiant heat transfer via glass, and air leakage through gaps in doors and windows. Therefore, the development of thermal insulation and energy-saving aluminum doors and windows must focus on these key aspects.
1. Aluminum Alloy Profiles
Aluminum is a highly conductive material, which makes it less ideal for thermal insulation. To overcome this, insulated aluminum profiles with thermal breaks are used. These profiles act as barriers to prevent heat from transferring through the frame, significantly improving the thermal performance of the door or window system.
2. Glass
Insulating doors and windows require the use of double-glazed or triple-glazed units. The space between the panes is typically filled with dry, still air, which has low thermal conductivity. This design reduces heat transfer, improves sound insulation, and prevents condensation. Standard glass thicknesses range from 5mm to 6mm, while the air cavity is usually between 9mm and 12mm, depending on the desired level of insulation.
3. Sealing Materials
High-quality sealing materials are crucial for maintaining the effectiveness of thermal insulation doors and windows. Weather-resistant adhesives and neoprene-based gaskets are recommended due to their resistance to ozone, UV degradation, and moisture. It is also important to install multiple sealing strips along the sash overlaps to ensure an airtight seal and reduce air infiltration.
By addressing each of these elements—aluminum profiles, glass selection, and sealing systems—homeowners and builders can significantly improve the energy efficiency of buildings, leading to lower heating costs and a more comfortable indoor environment.
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