The quality of a system is closely tied to the balance between software and hardware. A well-structured software architecture, combined with appropriate hardware products, can fully realize the system's potential. The key to a reasonable system architecture lies in whether it meets real-world needs. Similarly, selecting the right products isn't just about quality or compliance; it also involves considering their suitability for specific environments and the scope of application. For the judicial sector, what are the procurement policies? What insights can an experienced integrator provide from years of working on judicial projects?
This article primarily focuses on the judicial industry, particularly courts, procuratorates, justice bureaus, and detention centers. Therefore, our discussion will be centered around these areas, including detention centers, drug rehabilitation centers, prisons, and similar facilities. Other sectors will not be explored in depth at this time.
**Level One: Policies and Regulations**
“No rules, no standards!†In fields involving personal safety and high confidentiality, verbal guidelines are far less impactful than legal regulations. However, due to the numerous departments within the judiciary and their differing functions, the focus of technical protection systems varies significantly. Li Wei, a product manager at Tianjin Tiandi Weiye Digital Technology Co., Ltd., explained: “Prisons, detention centers, and custody centers mainly deal with detainees. Their main concerns include surveillance, access control, alarm systems, perimeter systems, emergency command, and fence power grid systems. Courts and procuratorates, on the other hand, are more involved in trials and require that surveillance systems support full-process audio and video synchronization. Each location has unique requirements.â€
**Detention Center**
Since the "hide and seek" incident in February 2009, detention centers have placed greater emphasis on surveillance systems. "See clearly and record accurately" became the basic requirement for monitoring systems. In 2010, the Ministry of Public Security issued the "Construction Regulations for the Detention Center Monitoring System," setting clear parameters and layouts for cameras, microphones, storage devices, control equipment, transmission networks, and management software. Gan Gong, from Chengdu Detachment’s Supervision Department, shared some insights on selection: the color rifle camera should have an illuminance of ≤0.12 Lux, and the color dome camera ≤0.3 Lux. Horizontal resolution must exceed 480TVL, and signal-to-noise ratio <50Db. Cameras should use H.264 or MPEG-4 encoding, with important areas reaching 4CIF resolution. Most market products meet these standards, offering ample choice. Only a few models with day/night conversion functions need on-site testing for performance evaluation.
For the cell door purchase, Gan Gong emphasized: “As the first line of defense, the gate must meet strict criteria. The GA526-2010 standard outlines technical requirements and inspection rules for detention center gates, requiring all gates to bid and comply with laws and regulations.â€
Perimeter grids are also crucial. In November 2010, AQSIQ issued GB25287-2010, replacing the previous industry standard GA247-2000, providing detailed technical specifications for high-voltage grid installations.
**Prison**
Compared to detention centers, prison-related policies are less comprehensive. Qiu Liangnan, General Manager of Guangzhou Skynet Security Technology Co., Ltd., mentioned that the state’s publicly available regulations, such as the “Prison Construction Standards†implemented in 2011, outline required technical protection systems like monitoring, access control, and alarms. However, specific product details and technical standards remain undefined, causing confusion in the market.
**Second Level: Close to Needs**
Despite this, many manufacturers have introduced products suitable for prisons. According to Li Huan, Solution Manager at Zhejiang Dahua Technology Co., Ltd., Dahua has customized front-end cameras and back-end intelligent analysis platforms for prison applications. Products like 700-line infrared riot hemispheres, 3MP HD IR hemispheres, and 1.3MP IR guns are used in different zones. At the back end, mature 960H HD DVRs and network hard disk recorders are deployed, along with intelligent video analysis based on server platforms to detect scene changes, intrusions, and movement.
**Procuratorate and Court**
Technical protection products for procuratorates and courts are similarly less regulated. The Supreme People’s Procuratorate issued two documents in 2008 specifying requirements for full-process audio-video recording during interrogations. These documents set clear standards for front-end, transmission, control, and display equipment, helping standardize procedures.
When choosing products, buyers must consider certifications and industry regulations. As Guangzhou Tianwang Qiu stated, “Applicability, accuracy, stability, and convenience are essential.†Li Wei of Tianjin Tiandi Weiye noted that camera placement varies across locations, with prisons requiring riot-proof equipment and courts demanding high-definition solutions.
**Intercom Systems**
Dai Yuanbing, Engineering Manager at Shenzhen Lebang Technology Co., Ltd., highlighted the importance of stable digital systems over traditional analog ones. IP network intercoms offer advantages like easy data transmission, permanent storage, real-time monitoring, and synchronization.
**Prison Practices**
Prisons are high-risk areas requiring reliable alarm systems, smart analysis, and stable cameras. Tian Yimin from Xinjiang Wusu Prison emphasized the need for low maintenance costs, high image quality, and minimal network delay. Perimeter products must be durable and resistant to false alarms, with materials like PC ensuring long-term reliability.
**Court and Procuratorate**
Han Fengzhan of Zhejiang Dahua stressed the need for stability and security in judicial systems. High-definition cameras and reliable monitoring equipment are often used, while interrogation hosts must ensure stability, compatibility, and low power consumption. Audio quality is critical for evidence, and embedded devices are preferred for their reliability.
**Conclusion**
Beyond hardware, users face challenges with integrated management platforms. Many report that systems lack true integration, making seamless linkage a top priority. Future developments should focus on user feedback, as innovation often stems from addressing real-world needs. Manufacturers should listen more closely to users and avoid blindly pursuing higher pixel counts without practical relevance. After all, it's the details that make or break a system.
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