(1) Consider the variety and performance of curing agents
The type of curing agent plays a crucial role in determining the mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture resistance, and corrosion resistance of the final product. For example, aromatic polyamines, imidazoles, and acid anhydrides typically offer better heat resistance compared to aliphatic polyamines or low-molecular-weight polyamides. When it comes to epoxy resins, those cured with aromatic acid anhydrides generally outperform those cured with aromatic diamines or aliphatic polyamines. Additionally, triethylene tetramine provides excellent alkali resistance but is less effective against acids and formaldehyde. Alicyclic polyamines, such as isophorone diamine, offer superior chemical resistance when used as curing agents. Anhydride-based curing agents tend to perform better in alkaline environments than in acidic ones. Choosing the right curing agent depends on the specific application and desired performance characteristics.
(2) Combination of several curing agents
Using a combination of different curing agents can enhance overall performance through synergistic effects. For instance, blending a low-molecular-weight polyamide with a small amount of m-phenylenediamine allows for room-temperature curing while improving both toughness and heat resistance. Another example is the use of triamellitic anhydride (TMA) combined with methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride. This eutectic mixture has a low viscosity at room temperature (around 200–250 mPa·s), making it easier to mix with epoxy resins and significantly improving processability. Such combinations are often used to balance reactivity, cost, and performance in industrial applications.
(3) Pay attention to the environmental protection of curing agents
It’s essential to select curing agents that are safe for human health and environmentally friendly. For example, ethylenediamine should not be used alone due to its potential toxicity. Instead, modified amine curing agents are preferred as they reduce harmful emissions and improve safety during handling and application. Many modern formulations now prioritize eco-friendly options, ensuring compliance with environmental regulations and promoting sustainable manufacturing practices.
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