As the rising star of the 21st century, intelligent residential communities are becoming increasingly popular. According to guidelines issued by the Ministry of Construction, there are currently six essential requirements for an intelligent community: a computerized automation management center, automatic metering of utilities like water, electricity, and gas, closed residential areas with security monitoring systems, automatic alarms for fire and gas leaks, an intercom and emergency call system, and remote monitoring of key equipment and facilities.
An intelligent community typically includes several subsystems such as a residential monitoring system, electronic patrol system, automatic meter reading system, CCTV surveillance, boundary monitoring, access control using non-contact cards, and both visual and non-visual building intercom systems.
The development of smart residential communities relies on advanced technologies like modern computing, sensing, communication, networking, and automation. These technologies help improve efficiency, reduce losses, lower costs, and enhance the level of automation in property management, security, and information services. The ultimate goal is to provide residents with a safe, convenient, and comfortable living environment.
This article focuses on the installation and commissioning process of the intelligent building intercom system. It outlines ten key precautions, covering pre-installation checks, system power-up inspections, and unit-level intercom and video debugging. Engineers can benefit from real-world examples to improve their efficiency and understanding.
**First, Equipment Preparation Before Installation**
Before installing any equipment, it's crucial to conduct a thorough inspection of all system wiring to ensure there are no breaks or short circuits. Once the wiring is confirmed to be fault-free, the equipment can be installed, making sure that all connections are properly soldered. All installations must strictly follow the manufacturer’s instructions and wiring diagrams to avoid errors.
**Second, System Pre-Power-Up Checks**
After the equipment is fully installed, each part of the system must be checked for correct wiring. Any wrong connections could lead to system failure. Additionally, it's important to verify that the power cables are connected correctly and that there are no short circuits between the positive and negative terminals. Incorrect wiring can damage devices and even cause fires.
**Third, Unit Building Intercom and Visual Debugging**
Once the wiring is correct and the equipment is in good condition, the system should function properly after being powered on. During the debugging phase, all door station, protector/decoder, and indoor unit connections should be made first, and room numbers should be assigned according to the user manual. If everything works as expected, the next layer of the system can be connected step by step, starting from the ground floor and moving upward.
**Notes on Voltage Measurement**
Under normal conditions, you can use a multimeter to check various voltage parameters. For example:
- Static supply voltage and +B voltage to ground: 12V
- Audio line A2 to ground: 0V
- Data line P to ground: 0V
- When calling from the extension, the audio line voltage rises to 5.6V.
- A quick pulse voltage between 0–5V can be observed on the data line during a call.
**Fault Diagnosis Tips**
If the entire system fails to power up despite correct wiring, start by connecting only the bottom-level protector/decoder, indoor unit, and door host. Remove the bus lines above the second floor and test if the main door and bottom units are working. If they are, the problem lies above the second floor. For high-rise buildings, the "golden section method" can be used to locate faults more efficiently by disconnecting the middle floor first.
**Additional Adjustments**
If the image on the indoor unit is distorted due to strong signal strength, a 75-ohm carbon film resistor can be added at the topmost protector/decoder to attenuate the signal. If the image is too weak, adjust the video gain by enabling the video amplifier circuit on the protector. This can be done by setting jumpers J1, J2, and J3 to ON. For higher floors, this adjustment is especially important.
Finally, if there is a whistling noise or low volume during calls, use a small flat-blade screwdriver to adjust the potentiometers VR1 and VR2 on the mainboard of the door station to fine-tune the speaker and microphone volume.
Diesel Engine
Diesel engine is an engine that burns diesel fuel to obtain energy release. The working process of a diesel engine is actually the same as that of a gasoline engine, and each working cycle also goes through four strokes: air intake, compression, work and exhaust.
The diesel engine sucks pure air in the intake stroke. When the compression stroke is nearing the end, the diesel fuel is increased to more than 10MPa by the fuel injection pump, and is injected into the cylinder through the fuel injector, and mixed with the compressed high-temperature air in a very short time to form a combustible mixture. Due to the high compression ratio of the diesel engine (generally 16-22), the air pressure in the cylinder can reach 3.5-4.5MPa at the end of compression, and the temperature is as high as 750-1000K (while the mixture pressure of the gasoline engine at this time will be 0.6-1.2MPa, and the temperature will reach 600-700K), which greatly exceeds the autoignition temperature of diesel. Therefore, after the diesel fuel is injected into the cylinder, it mixes with the air in a very short time and immediately ignites and burns on its own. The air pressure in the cylinder rises sharply to 6-9MPa, and the temperature also rises to 2000-2500K. Driven by high-pressure gas, the piston moves downward and drives the crankshaft to rotate to do work, and the exhaust gas is also discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe.
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