China has a vast territory and a very rich solar energy resource. It is estimated that the annual solar radiation energy received by China's land surface is about 50x1018kJ, and the total annual solar radiation is 335~837kJ/cm2·a, with a median value of 586kJ/cm2·a. From the distribution of total solar radiation in the country, Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang, southern Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, northwestern Shaanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Liaoning, western Jilin, central and southwestern Yunnan, southeastern Guangdong, southeastern Fujian, Hainan The total amount of solar radiation in the eastern and western parts of the island and the southwestern part of Taiwan Province is large. Especially in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where the average altitude is above 4000m, the atmosphere is thin and clean, with good transparency, low latitude and long sunshine hours. For example, Lhasa, known as “Sunlight Cityâ€, averaged from 1961 to 1970, with an average annual sunshine duration of 3005.7 hours, relative sunshine of 68%, annual average sunny day of 108.5 days, and cloudy day of 98.8 days. The average cloud cover is 4.8, and the total solar radiation is 816kJ/cm2·a, which is higher than other provinces and regions in the same latitude. The total annual solar radiation in Sichuan and Guizhou provinces is the smallest, especially in the Sichuan Basin, where there is more rain, more fog and less sunny days. For example, in Chengdu, which is known as the “fog capitalâ€, the average annual sunshine hours is only 1152.2h, the relative sunshine is 26%, the annual average sunny day is 24.7 days, the cloudy day is 244.6 days, and the annual average cloud amount is as high as 8.4. The total annual solar radiation in other regions is middle.
The main characteristics of China's solar energy resource distribution are: the high-value center and low-value center of solar energy are in the zone of 22°-35° north latitude, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a high-value center, the Sichuan Basin is a low-value center; The western region is higher than the eastern region, and except for the two autonomous regions of Tibet and Xinjiang, it is basically lower than the north in the south; due to the cloud and rain in most parts of the south, the distribution of solar energy and the general solar energy in the region of 30° to 40° north latitude Contrary to the law of latitude, solar energy does not decrease with increasing latitude, but increases with increasing latitude.
According to the amount of solar radiation received, the country can be roughly divided into five categories:
One type of area
The annual sunshine hours are 3200-330O hours, and the radiation amount is 670-837x104kJ/cm2·a. It is equivalent to the heat generated by the combustion of 225-285kg standard coal. It mainly includes the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, northern Gansu, northern Ningxia and southern Xinjiang. This is the region with the most abundant solar energy resources in China, which is equivalent to solar energy resources in India and northern Pakistan. Especially in Tibet, the terrain is high, the transparency of sunlight is good, and the total amount of solar radiation is up to 921kJ/cm2·a, second only to the Sahara Desert, ranking second in the world. Lhasa is the world famous Sunshine City.
Second-class area
The annual sunshine hours are 3,000 to 3,200 hours, and the amount of radiation is 586 to 670 x 104 kJ/cm2·a, which is equivalent to the heat generated by the combustion of 200 to 225 kg of standard coal. It mainly includes northwestern Hebei, northwestern Shanxi, southern Inner Mongolia, southern Ningxia, central Gansu, eastern Qinghai, southeastern Tibet and southern Xinjiang. This area is a region rich in solar energy resources in China.
Three types of areas
The annual sunshine hours are 2200-3000 hours, and the radiation amount is 502-586x104kJ/cm2·a, which is equivalent to the heat generated by the burning of 170-200kg standard coal. It mainly includes Shandong, Henan, southeastern Hebei, southwestern Shanxi, northern Xinjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Yunnan, northwestern Shaanxi, southeastern Gansu, southern Guangdong, southern Fujian, northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui.
Four types of areas
The annual sunshine hours are 1400 to 2200 hours, and the amount of radiation is 419 to 502 x 104 kJ/cm2·a. It is equivalent to the heat generated by the combustion of 140-170kg of standard coal. It is mainly in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, parts of Fujian, Zhejiang and Guangdong. It is rainy in spring and summer, and solar energy is available in autumn and winter.
Five types of areas
The annual sunshine hours are about 1000 to 1400 hours, and the amount of radiation is 335 to 419 x 104 kJ/cm2·a. It is equivalent to the heat generated by the combustion of 115-140kg of standard coal. It mainly includes Sichuan and Guizhou provinces. This area is the least solar energy area in China.
In the first, second and third regions, the annual sunshine hours are more than 2000h, and the total radiation is higher than 586kJ/cm2·a. It is a region rich or rich in solar energy resources in China, with a large area, accounting for 2/3 of the total area of ​​the country. Above, it has good conditions for utilizing solar energy. Although the solar energy resources are inferior in the fourth and fifth regions, they still have certain utilization value.
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