[China Aluminum Industry Network] Comprehensive Guide to Aluminum Alloy Profiles:
Aluminum alloy profiles are produced by melting and extruding aluminum ingots into various cross-sectional shapes. The manufacturing process typically involves three main stages: casting, extrusion, and surface treatment. Surface treatments include anodizing, electrophoretic coating, fluorocarbon spraying, and powder coating, among others.
Aluminum profiles can be categorized based on their applications:
1. Industrial Aluminum Profiles: Widely used in aircraft, trains, industrial radiators, automobiles, and electrical equipment.
2. Architectural Aluminum Profiles: Mainly applied in building Doors and Windows, curtain walls, interior and exterior decoration, and structural components.
In terms of surface treatment, aluminum profiles are also classified as follows:
1. Anodized Aluminum: The surface undergoes anodization, with optional electrolytic or organic coloring.
2. Electrophoretic Coated Aluminum: Features an anodized layer combined with electrophoretic painting for enhanced durability.
3. Powder-Sprayed Aluminum: A thermosetting polymer powder is applied to the surface for a smooth, long-lasting finish.
4. Fluorocarbon Paint Sprayed Aluminum: Coated with polyvinylidene fluoride paint, offering excellent weather resistance. Currently, heat-insulating aluminum alloys often use strip or cast composite materials for improved thermal performance.
Key Performance Indicators:
1. Appearance Quality: For anodized profiles, the surface must not show electric burns, peeling oxide films, or other defects that could affect functionality. After electrophoresis, powder coating, or fluorocarbon spraying, the finish should be uniform, clean, and smooth, without wrinkles, cracks, bubbles, flow marks, inclusions, or paint loss. However, minor film-free areas up to 80 mm at the ends are acceptable. The appearance of architectural aluminum profiles directly impacts the visual effect of building finishes. Therefore, it’s essential to protect the surface during transportation and storage to prevent scratches, dents, or corrosion. Some products on the market may have water-grain-like patterns or moldy spots, indicating poor production quality.
2. Wall Thickness: This is a critical factor affecting the strength of the profile. The main structural parts of a profile must meet minimum thickness requirements. For example, the nominal wall thickness of an external window frame should not be less than 1.4 mm.
3. Film Thickness: Since extruded aluminum has limited corrosion resistance, surface treatment is necessary to improve its durability, wear resistance, and aesthetics. Anodized film thickness is categorized as AA10, AA15, AA20, AA25. Electrophoretic coatings are divided into classes A, B, and S. For powder-coated surfaces, the coating thickness on decorative areas should not exceed 40 µm. For fluorocarbon-sprayed profiles, the average thickness of the second coat should be ≥30 µm, third coat ≥40 µm, and fourth coat ≥65 µm.
4. Chemical Composition and Mechanical Properties: These vary depending on the aluminum grade and temper condition. It’s important for customers to refer to the relevant standards or contracts when evaluating these parameters.
5. Color and Color Variation: Different brands and production conditions can lead to color variations. It's advisable to select colors based on availability and compatibility to minimize visible differences in architectural structures.
6. Corrosion Resistance: Testing for salt spray, abrasion, weathering, mortar exposure, and other environmental factors is crucial. These tests determine the long-term performance and suitability of aluminum profiles for specific applications.
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