From August 18th to 25th, experts and technicians of the Cotton Plantation Professional Committee of China Rural Technology Association visited cotton production in Honghu, Xiantao, Zhijiang, Tianmen, Hanchuan and other cities in Jingzhou, Hubei Province. Farmers report that this year's cotton growth is better than last year, and the number of peaches per plant is about two more than the same period last year. However, some farmers have reported that cotton wilt is more serious. Indeed, this year's cotton varieties have a higher incidence in the bud stage to the early flowering stage, but after a period of high temperature, the pathogens are inhibited, and most of the susceptible varieties have basically returned to normal growth. There are still farmers who believe that blight is spreading. When we go to the field investigation they said, the cotton stems and leaves are dissected on the spot. It is not a wilt disease, but a mild and moderate lack of potassium. In the cotton field of potash, cotton has been stalked with stalks, which is a completely different symptom from blight.
The farmers asked inexplicably, we have already applied potash, why is cotton still lacking potash? When we asked how much potassium fertilizer was applied, some said that potassium fertilizer was applied 5 to 10 kilograms per mu of cotton field. Some said that only compound fertilizer was applied, and potassium fertilizer was used in compound fertilizer. When asked when to apply potash, some say it is bud period, and some say it is flowering period. When asked how is it applied? Some say it is applied, some say it is applied alone, but not mixed with nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer.
These circumstances indicate that although some farmers have applied potassium fertilizer, the application techniques are not fully in place. One is that the amount of potassium applied is too small, and the other is that the fertilization method is not appropriate, so that many cotton still exhibit potassium deficiency symptoms.
At the 2011 China Cotton Society Annual Meeting held in Anqing City, Anhui Province on August 8th, research reports by experts from several schools such as China Agricultural University showed that China's genetically modified insect-resistant cotton has a large market share, while genetically modified Insect cotton has a slower rate of absorption and conversion of potassium fertilizer, which requires a larger amount. In recent years, the practice of planting insect-resistant cotton generally requires 30 kg of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride per acre. Although the compound fertilizer contains a certain proportion of potassium fertilizer, the amount is limited, and the potassium fertilizer must be supplemented. The soil potassium content in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China is lower than that in the northern cotton area and the northwestern cotton area, so the effect of applying potassium fertilizer to increase production is more significant than other cotton areas.
Questions about the application method of potassium fertilizer. First, the application of potassium fertilizer waste is very large, because the potassium oxide contained in the potash fertilizer is very soluble, and it is scattered on the surface layer of the cotton field soil. It is easy to be lost after rainfall, and should be applied as a deep application. Second, although the single application of potassium fertilizer is also effective. However, it is better to increase the yield with nitrogen fertilizer or nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer. Thirdly, the time of applying potassium fertilizer is now widely applied. Generally, it is better to apply two times of base fertilizer and bud stage.
At present, the degree of potassium deficiency in large-area cotton fields is different, lacking potassium fertilizer, affecting both the number of single bolls and the weight of cotton, and reducing the fiber quality. In order to minimize losses, in the case of potassium-deficient cotton fields, it is necessary to immediately apply sulfuric acid to the roots. Potassium and other instant potassium fertilizers twice.
(Yu Hongzhang)
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