Lutang Town, Beihu District, Zhangzhou City, is the world's largest producer of earthy graphite. Graphite has made the accumulation of wealth of local people, but the mining and mining of mines has also been a long-standing. In September last year, the local government forcibly shut down all mines in the region and introduced large-scale central enterprises, China National Building Materials, for resource integration. China National Building Materials Investment Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of China National Building Materials Co., Ltd., invested 1 billion yuan in Zhangzhou in 2010 to establish Southern Graphite Co., Ltd., and bought resources from the original mine owner for 2 billion yuan. Most of the mines have been handed over. At present, Southern Graphite is hiring employees with mining experience. Southern Graphite also plans to invest 3 billion yuan to establish a graphite industrial park, which is still in the site of selection. The government hopes that the integration of graphite mining will be carried out by chaos and the deep processing of graphite. This goal is getting closer and closer after the introduction of Chinese building materials. However, due to the exploitation of local graphite resources for a hundred years, high-quality graphite resources have been exhausted. For the Chinese building materials that have paid 2 billion yuan to purchase funds, the local people have different opinions. In the face of integration, the lifestyle of more than 100,000 people in Lutang Town, which is attached to the graphite mine, will change. The shareholders of 210 mines have already obtained the purchase price, and the fate of many graphite processing enterprises is still waiting for the answer. Graphite once burned as coal. South graphite rented two office buildings in Lutang Town, one of which is located in the relatively high-end Tongxiang Hotel in the local area. It is said that the lease period is 50 years. Standing in front of Tongxiang Hotel, you can see the green and brown mountains at 3 km west of the west. The brown meteorites left by Lutang people after mining graphite and coal for nearly a hundred years, hang from the top to the foot of the mountain. This kind of scene can be seen when the car is approaching Lutang Town. Some of the peaks are all brown, just like the ink on the faces of people. This is the world's largest producer of earthy graphite, supplying most of the world's earthy graphite products and determining the global price. The Yanzhou graphite vein is a coal-sedimentary vein. From Linwu County to the suburb of Guiyang, the vein is 28 kilometers long. The best graphite is in the Lutang Mine in Beihu District. The earth-rich graphite, also known as microcrystalline graphite, is produced by the mine. Coal is transformed by physical effects such as extrusion, so it is often associated with coal. There is no difference between the way in which graphite is mined and coal. For the sake of safety supervision, the local graphite is included in the management of the coal authority. A slogan supporting integration was also printed on Lutang Street. A slogan read “Who is chasing and arranging who is in jailâ€. The streets were cold and clear, the mines were closed, and many migrant workers left. The rest were mostly local residents and shopkeepers who did business. The locals said that the catering and hotels that used to mine, transport, repair, sell, mine, and logistic services around the mine attracted more than 100,000 workers. It was very lively. Tax driver He Lianguo said that the business is now very bad, three-quarters less. Although the mine has been closed for nearly a year, the black graphite scraps are scattered on the road in Lutang Town, and the houses on both sides of the residential area under the mine are also stained with gray-black. These gray-black people have benefited many local people. Throughout Luzhou, Lutang people are famous for their wealth and nouveau riche. There are many legends about the mine owners' big dividends. There are more than a dozen shareholders of mines, each of which is a dividend of 200,000 yuan per month. The Lutang mining area can provide at least 200 million disposable financial resources for the Beihu District, accounting for two-thirds of the total fiscal revenue of the district. The scale industry accounts for 67% of the total. Lutang is an old town with a long history. He went out of Ming Dynasty's famous minister He Mengchun. When He Mengchun was 20 years old (1493), he was a famous scholar. He was once a straightforward and famous, and served as the left arm of the Ministry of Military Affairs and the left minister. After the death, he was sealed as a book of the Ministry of Rites. Most of the people in Lutang Town are surnamed He. Most of the graphite bosses in Zhangzhou are from the town. There are four families in the local graphite mining, such as Shanyou, He Liangzhou, He Guofu, and Li Wensong. It is said that the four major families have both mines and processing plants and monopolize export trade. But behind the accumulation of local wealth, it is the disorderly mining of the mine. Before the liberation, Zhangzhou had already mined graphite. From 1950 to 1990, mining was more orderly. In 40 years, graphite resources were consumed less than 3 million tons. However, since 1991, it has been affected by the idea of ​​“water rapid flowâ€. Coal mining enterprises have also surpassed the boundary to compete for graphite resources, and about 300 companies have indiscriminately excavated graphite resources in the Lutang mining area. It is said that the annual consumption of graphite resources from 2001 to 2005 is about 2 million tons. Some locals also said that according to the taxes and fees received by the local government, the annual graphite production is over 4 million tons. According to local official statistics, more than 20 million tons of graphite resources were consumed during the 15 years from 1991 to 2005. During the period, the state-owned Lutang graphite mine, which had always played a leading role, was forced to close down. The amount of graphite mining far exceeds the market demand. In 2005, for example, the market only needs 600,000 tons, and the output is 2 million tons. The market cannot be digested and the coal is burned. The graphite price is also similar to that of coal. In combustion, graphite has a lower ignition point and the rest is similar to coal. In the local area, graphite is a strange smell of coal, but it is extremely distressing to the experts. Recently, the Secretary of the China Non-Metal Mining Industry Association’s graphite professional committee, Zhi Zhixiang, said that graphite can be burned as coal, but coal can’t be used. For graphite, graphite is consumed a little less. Shen Wanci, a famous graphite expert and a retired professor at Tsinghua University, is deeply saddened by this and has repeatedly called for the protection of graphite resources. Shen Wanci said that if natural graphite resources are exhausted in the future, it is technically possible to completely replace artificial graphite with artificial graphite, but the cost is very high. It is understood that graphite can be used in high-tech fields such as lithium batteries and display screens, and is also an essential raw material for some weapons, such as graphite bombs, rocket nozzles, and atomic reactors. Compared with graphite and rare earth, the industry has many similarities. It is widely used in national defense industry, energy conservation and environmental protection, because the price of predatory mining is not high. Qi Zhixiang said that the Japanese have fallen in the price of vicious competition in the country and have stockpiled a lot of graphite resources. “The mine mouth is everywhere, and there are many holes in it.†Li Jinshan, former director of the Graphite Office of the Coal Bureau of Zhangzhou City, said, “Now because I have stopped mining for a year, I have grown a lot of grass, and it looks more serious last year.†Such a serious situation has scared off many investors. Li Jinshan once led more than a dozen inspections to the mine and finally left. Li Jinshan just began to emphasize the difficulties of the mine. Later, he said to the intent party that the mine mouth proved that the resources were abundant, and there was resources under the well.
Since the State Council requested the integration of mineral resources in 2008, Cangzhou City is determined to introduce resource integrators, provided that deep processing is necessary. In principle, the mining license is 3 to 5 years. For resource integration, the government shortens the cycle to one year. Conducive to the recovery of mining rights. In the face of mineral disasters that arise from time to time, government officials tend to promote integration for safety production considerations. It is easier to manage a company after all. At the same time, graphite resources do have to be protected. Therefore, the shutdown in September last year was unprecedented, the entire mining area was cut off, and the track was removed to seal the mine. According to Li Jinshan, last year, the leaders of Ganzhou City met in Hunan Province, met with senior executives of Southern Cement (a subsidiary of China National Building Materials), and talked about the integration of graphite, which became the opportunity for China Building Materials to invest in Ganzhou. Southern graphite investment is 2 billion yuan, including 1.16 billion in Lutang mining area and 85 million in Guiyang County. The acquisition of the mining area of ​​45 square kilometers, a total of 210 mines, began to transfer work in July, of which there are 160 Lutang, only four have not yet handed over. In terms of integration price, the mines are divided into 9 categories according to investment and resources. The purchase price ranges from 3 million yuan to 14 million yuan. It is said that some mines have poor mining conditions and the boss is happy to leave, but there are also local People spend more than 30 million yuan just after the acquisition of the mine to meet the integration, the locals said that the price of graphite ore in the hands of each other rose, it is estimated that this investor is a high takeover. At present, the southern graphite has paid 60% of the cost to the mine owner, and the other 40% have been delayed due to the lack of progress. China National Building Materials also hopes to take 30% of the shares to attract nearby villagers to buy shares. Each household contributes 50,000 yuan. Li Jinshan said that this is actually a bundle of interests and helps to reduce risks in graphite mining. He believes that the prospect of graphite in the south is huge. "If it is me, I am willing to buy shares." However, according to the local graphite boss, the locals are not eager to subscribe. "There is no such thing as a share." After the integration, the entire mining area will be reduced from more than 200 mines to 20 years. It plans to collect 510,000 tons of graphite and 1.56 million tons of coal. Production will be significantly reduced compared to the original. Southern graphite staff told Securities Times that deep processing is the premise that enterprises can become the main body of Yanzhou graphite integration, and the company will not sell any raw ore. If this is the case, the road to the downstream factory may end. According to statistics, there are 41 processing enterprises in Ganzhou, including 18 in Chenzhou City, 8 in Lutang Town in Beihu District, and 14 in Guiyang County. They must have graphite materials to survive. At present, due to the closure of the graphite mining area, graphite prices have more than doubled, and the product sales market has shrunk by two-thirds. Huang Sheng, chairman of Taishanli Graphite Products Co., Ltd., Lutang Town, said that in order to maintain customer relations, the company is now buying graphite. The coal mine produced by Qitianling in Yizhang is now regarded as graphite (divided by volatility, higher than 4). For coal, graphite below 4, coal produced between the coal and graphite has become a hot commodity, and there is also a mountain in the Lutang mining area, where graphite is also being excavated. “Now there is a profit of more than 200 yuan per ton, but it is difficult to find graphite. Most of the quality is too bad and the lubrication is not enough.†The above 41 processing companies mostly produce graphite powder, graphite balls and graphite rods. These products are graphite. Rough processing, most of which are used in the steel making and foundry industries. Lutang people rely on these rough-processed products for their fortune, but the government hopes to carry out deep processing. After deep processing, the price per ton of graphite can reach several hundred thousand yuan or even millions, but the technical requirements are higher. “In the steelmaking recarburizer, graphite can be replaced by high-quality coal.†Li Jinshan said that due to the high price of raw ore, the market, especially the steelmaking market, cannot accept it. It has used Ningxia electric calcined coal, sintered coal and coking coal. Replaces Zhangzhou soil graphite. Japan has also reduced the import of graphite products. Since May 2010, imported electric calcined coal and coking coal accounted for 70%, and graphite as a recarburizer decreased to 30%, less than 80,000 tons. Just after China’s building materials entered the country, the National Defense Industry and Enterprise Association recently moved around in Zhangzhou. Shen Wanci told reporters that "the national defense military has repeatedly asked me for information on deep processing of graphite." Li Jinshan said that there are only three ways for the defense industry to cooperate with the southern graphite. The first one is the southern graphite, and the second is Engage in the shareholding system, the third is upstream and downstream cooperation, because the southern graphite has been preemptive, the possibility of exit is not great. A number of graphite processing factory owners told reporters that the government has conducted a survey of the factory. Many graphite mine bosses interviewed by reporters are hoping for government acquisitions, because they are worried that graphite resources will be monopolized and production will be unsustainable. However, Southern Graphite did not disclose whether it had an acquisition intention.
However, Huang Huang, chairman of the Taishanli Graphite Products Company in Lutang Township, seems that the acquisition of the processing plant may not be ideal. “The factory is actually a pile of scrap copper and iron, which is of little value.†Huang Sheng believes that the most important resource of the company is the customer. For many years, each company has its own stable customer base. The processing factory generally does not move others. Customers, in contrast, private companies have an advantage in maintaining customer relationships. If the factory is acquired, the company will invest elsewhere, and the customer will follow the past. In addition, he believes that private enterprises also have an advantage in cost control. He Shanyou, one of the “four big families†of Zhangzhou graphite, does not think so. He said that in addition to the Lutang mining area, there are not many graphite resources in the field, and the quality is not good. If the customer does not purchase a satisfactory product, he will take the initiative. Find the southern graphite. It is understood that Zhangzhou has discovered five new graphite mines in recent years. The annual output of these mines is around 0.5 million to 10,000 tons. The key to the problem lies in the amount of graphite ore reserves outside the Lutang mining area. These newly discovered graphite ore reserves do not have accurate figures. The underground situation is complicated and it is also a concern for graphite mining. A local government official who claimed to be most familiar with the underground situation, who asked not to be named, said that the government’s description of graphite mining was too optimistic when working with CNBM. He believed that the underground situation was better than outsiders. Imagine even worse. After years of disorderly mining, the local mines communicated with each other, and the mine water was once discharged in disorder, causing the fighting. Since the production period has been one year, the mines have accumulated deep water. Li Jinshan estimates that the drainage fee should be 100 million yuan. In addition, due to disorderly mining, mine owners always give priority to the development of easy-to-exploit parts, and high-quality resources have been exhausted. As of 1985, Cangzhou City has inspected the proven reserves of microcrystalline graphite of 34.07 million tons, accounting for 72.5% of the total proven microcrystalline graphite reserves in the country. In fact, the amount of mining in the last 25 years has exceeded this number. It is estimated that there are still 10 million tons of proven graphite resources that have not been mined. Li Jinshan explained that the exploration was carried out 50 meters below sea level. In fact, there are still graphite resources excavated to 100 meters below sea level. The Hunan Provincial Department of Land and Resources and China National Building Materials will re-explore the depth and breadth, and conservatively estimate the graphite resources. At least 20 million tons will be added, so that the southern graphite will master more than 30 million tons of graphite resources. “But the quality of graphite may not be good enough. The best graphite resources are around 400 meters above sea level.†He Shanyou does not value graphite reserves. The reserves and reserves are not important. His idea is that the graphite resources are now Exclusively, the price is all the same, "Southern graphite can certainly make money." Resource monopoly has a huge impact on graphite prices. Before 1990, Zhangzhou graphite export price was above 200 US dollars / ton, from 1992 to 1998 was 110 US dollars / About ton, it fell to 64 US dollars / ton in 2002, and recently rose to 600 US dollars / ton. Before and before 1990, the amount of graphite mining was very small. In Zhangzhou, the local government tried to monopolize the graphite resources. In December 2002, the Zhangzhou Municipal Government led the establishment of the main processing enterprises to form the Luzhou Lutang Graphite (Group) Co., Ltd., implementing the unified production plan, unified brand, unified sales and other policies. Within three months, it rose from US$64/ton to US$95/ton. However, due to the unrestricted mining of graphite ore, many manufacturers moved the processing plant to the outside of Zhangzhou for processing, and the price and the Zhangzhou Graphite Group seized the market. Zhangzhou Graphite Group was liquidated and dissolved in April 2004, returning to disorderly competition. He Shanyou was elected as the chairman of the graphite group. He said that since the market was out of control at the time, he offered to liquidate, but fortunately there was no loss. He believes that the southern graphite can not take the old road of the graphite group, because the southern graphite can control the amount of mining. He Shanyou said that now, for the southern graphite, it is important to speed up the pace of returning to work, because the faster the rework, the less the number of variables, the more the factory will resume production, and the locals will have food, so that the resistance of the enterprise will become smaller, so that they can earn money. It is understood that the planning of the mining area of ​​the southern graphite has been approved by the Ganzhou Municipal Government on August 9. The next step will be to commission the technical design of the Cangzhou Coal Design Institute. Before CNBM decided to invest, it consulted Li Jinshan. Li Jinshan’s answer was that the annual plan for mining 510,000 tons of graphite and 1.56 million tons of coal can be used to sell graphite, and the coal can also sell 1 billion yuan, even if the cost of mining Every ton has risen from 200 yuan to 400 yuan, and it still has a lot of profit.
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