Fruit trees need 16 elements in their life processes, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Among them, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium require the largest amount, called a large number of elements, and other needs are small, called trace elements. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are mainly derived from air and water. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc. are mainly derived from fertilizers. The various elements required for fruit trees, each exerting a specific physiological and biochemical role, are indispensable and cannot be replaced by each other. If any element is missing, it will cause physiological disorders and physiological diseases. Fertilization of fruit trees is divided into base fertilizer and top dressing; according to the chemical nature of fertilizer application, it is divided into organic fertilizer (farm fertilizer) and inorganic fertilizer.
Fruit trees are fertilized, and the type, period and fertilization amount of fertilization are determined according to the fertilizer characteristics, tree order, growth period, fruit yield and site conditions of different tree species. For soils with a pH below 6 (acidic), alkaline or physiologically alkaline fertilizers should be used; for soils with a pH above 8 (alkaline), acidic or physiologically acidic fertilizers should be used; pH should be around 7 (neutral) The soil should be used alternately with acid fertilizer and alkaline fertilizer. In sandy soils, more organic fertilizer should be applied. Sticking soil, easy to knot, should also apply organic fertilizer.
There is antagonism between certain chemical elements. If the amount of calcium and magnesium is too much, it will affect the absorption and utilization of potassium. When mixing, it should be cautious. Mixed application of nitrogen and phosphorus has mutual promotion effect and better fertilizer efficiency. Both nitrogen and phosphorus promote the absorption and utilization of potassium.
(1) Application of farmyard manure. Human and livestock poultry excrement, cake fertilizer, compost of plant leaf stems, green manure, etc., all belong to farmyard manure. The farmer's fertilizer has a slow effect, a long effect period, and comprehensive nutrient elements. It can improve the soil structure, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increase the water retention and fertilizer retention capacity, and the farmyard manure is mainly used as the base fertilizer. It can also be used as top dressing after fully decomposed. (1) Time of application of base fertilizer. Generally, the soil is applied in time after harvesting in autumn. At this time, fruit trees have consumed a lot of nutrients due to flowering, fruit growth and development, new shoot growth, and flower bud differentiation, and the tree potential needs to be restored as soon as possible. Moreover, at this time, the soil temperature is high, and the microbial decomposition activity and the root absorption capacity are strong. (2) The amount of base fertilizer applied. It depends on tree order, tree potential, yield, and type of fertilizer. The nutrient content of the fruit tree base fertilizer accounts for about 70% of the total nutrient requirement of the fruit tree throughout the year. In general, fruit trees are planted with a base fertilizer of 5,000-17,000 kg, and the requirement of 1 kg of fruit and 2 kg of fertilizer is required. (3) Note: 1 The farmyard manure is properly blended with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. The nitrogen utilization rate in farmyard manure is about 20-30% in the current year, the phosphorus utilization rate is about 25-40%, and the potassium utilization rate is about 60-70%. Mixed with urea, diammonium phosphate, and superphosphate in farmyard manure can play a long (effective) short effect. 2 The farmyard manure must be decomposed to kill the pests and diseases and grass seeds. If the unfertilized farmyard manure is directly applied to the soil, and the organic matter is decomposed and decomposed, the heat released will burn the roots. Harmful substances released by decomposition, such as hydrogen sulfide, methane, etc., can poison the root system. 3 The application site is near the outer edge of the vertical projection of the canopy, and the depth is in the absorption root distribution zone of 10-40 cm. Many fruit farmers, the fertilization site is too close to the trunk, not only the roots are broken, but also the waste of fertilizer. 4 Do not apply too much concentration. It is best to use the annular groove fertilization method. That is, digging the annular groove along the periphery of the crown projection to mix the fertilizer with the soil, and then applying it to the trench.
Total 1 | <First <Prev 1 Next> Last> |
share to: