The emergency rescue knowledge in our lives (1)

The basic knowledge of emergency rescue at the construction site mainly includes knowledge of trauma and rescue, common knowledge of emergency equipment , first aid knowledge about poisoning and heatstroke, trauma and rescue knowledge, basic knowledge of emergency rescue, first aid knowledge for electric shock, and emergency first aid measures for infectious diseases. , is an important part of our safety work.

First, the first-aid knowledge of electric shock The life of an electric shocker can be rescued. In most cases, it depends on whether it can be quickly detached from the power supply and correct artificial respiration and cardiac massage. Prolonged delays, slow movements, or improper rescue can lead to casualties. .

1. Method of disconnection from the power supply (1) The secondary damage caused by the human body after it is removed from the power supply should be prevented, such as falling and falling at high places. (2) For high-voltage electric shock, immediately notify the relevant department of the blackout. (3) When the high-voltage power is cut off, wear insulated gloves, put on insulated shoes, and use a voltage-rated insulating tool to open the switch. (4) In the event of an electric shock, when there is a power switch and a current latch near the accident, the power switch can be turned on immediately or the latch can be dialed out: However, a common switch (such as a pull switch, a single-pole push button switch, etc.) can only break one wire. It is not always necessary to turn off the phase line, so it cannot be considered that the power supply has been cut off. (5) When an electric wire touches the human body and causes an electric shock and cannot be disconnected from the power supply by other methods, the insulated wire (such as a dry wooden stick, bamboo stick, insulated glove, etc.) can be used to remove the electric wire from the power supply. (6) If necessary, use an insulating tool (such as an electrician's pliers with an insulated handle, a wooden handle axe, etc.) to cut the wire to cut off the power.

2. Basic knowledge of emergency rescue According to the condition of the person who receives the electric shock, carry out simple diagnosis and deal with it separately: (1) If the patient is found to be in a "dead-dead-dead" state upon inspection, symptomatic treatment should be performed immediately for different types of "dead-dead": If breathing stops, use mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration to maintain the gas exchange: If the heart stops beating, use an extracorporeal artificial heart extrusion method to maintain blood circulation. (2) mouth-to-mouth artificial assessment method: the patient supine, loosen the clothing one by one to clean up the patient's oral obstruction one by one patient's nostrils upturned, head back one by one, mouth blowing one by one to open the mouth and nose for good ventilation, so repeated This is done by blowing 12 times per minute, that is, blowing every 5 seconds. (3) Extracorporeal cardiac compression: The patient's supine hard plate is rescued one by one (palm) and the palm of the patient's chest is pressed down one by one. Press down forcefully one by one and slowly release it one by one. Continuous operation. 60 times in minutes, once per second. (4) Sometimes the patient's heartbeat and breathing are stopped, but when there is only one person in the emergency, the mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and the external heart-positioning must be performed at the same time. At this time, you can blow the gas twice and immediately squeeze it 15 times, and then Blow twice again, squeeze again, and alternately. (5) The patient is awake but feels weak, dizzy, palpitations, cold, and even nausea or vomiting. Such patients should be allowed to rest quietly on the spot, feel a light burden on the heart, and speed up recovery: When the situation is serious, Li Zhen should be sent to the hospital for examination and treatment. (6) The patient's breathing and heartbeat are still there, but he is conscious. At this point, the patient should lie on his back, and the surrounding air must be circulated, and he should keep warm: In addition to close observation, he must also prepare for artificial respiration and cardiac squeezing.

Second, traumatic traumatic knowledge is divided into open trauma and closed trauma. Open wound refers to the damage of the skin or mucous membranes, common are: abrasions, cuts, lacerations, stab wounds, avulsion, burns; closed trauma refers to the damage of the internal tissues of the human body, and there is no damage to the skin and mucous membranes. Common: bruises, crush injuries.

1. Treatment of closed trauma (1) If internal injuries are suspected, the wounded should receive medical treatment as soon as possible: When transporting the wounded, take a lying position, handle it carefully, and pay attention to keeping the airway open. Pay attention to prevent shock. (2) In the course of transportation, if sudden respiratory or cardiac arrest occurs, first-aid resuscitation and extracorporeal cardiac compression should be performed immediately. (3) Lighter closed trauma, such as local contusion and subcutaneous hemorrhage, can be applied coldly at the site of injury to prevent further tissue swelling and reduce subcutaneous bleeding. (4) If you find that a person falls or falls from a height, you should carefully check the head, neck, chest, abdomen, limbs, back and spine to see if there is swelling, bruising, local pressure, bone Other internal injuries such as friction sound, if the above situation occurs, the second can not be donated to the patient to move, need to be carried in accordance with the correct handling methods; otherwise, may cause damage to the patient's nerves, blood vessels and aggravate the condition. The commonly used methods of transportation on the site are: stretcher handling method - when carrying the stretcher, the head of the wounded person should be headed backwards so that the person behind the stretcher can observe the change at any time: single hand-handling method - lightly injured can support Go, seriously injured can let it fall on the back of the first aider, his hands crossed around the neck hanging down, the first aider with his hands from the wounded in the thighs holding the wounded.

2. Treatment of open wounds (1) Hemostasis: For wounds with more than bleeding, it is possible to achieve timely and effective hemostasis and have a greater impact on the safety of the wounded. During on-site treatment, different methods of hemostasis should be used depending on the type and location of the bleeding: direct compression - direct application of the palm of the hand through the dressing to the entire area of ​​the open wound on the body surface; elevation of the limb - for hands, arms, Open wounds with severe hemorrhage in the leg should be elevated, causing the injured limb to rise above the level of the heart: oppression of the blood supply artery - severe bleeding from the arm and leg wounds, if the application of direct compression and elevation of the limbs does not stop the bleeding, it is necessary The use of compression points to stop bleeding techniques: bandaging - the use of bandages, towels, cloth and other materials to stop bleeding, protect the wound and reduce light pain. (2) First aid for burns should first remove the burn source, transfer the wounded to the place where the air circulates as soon as possible, wrap the wounded surface with clean clothes, and prevent recontamination; on the spot, except that the chemical burn can be flushed with plenty of clean water, Usually do not deal with the wound, do not break the blisters as much as possible, protect the epidermis (3) to clean and disinfect the wound, can use saline and alcohol cotton balls, clean up the mud and sand, dirt and other contaminated wounds and surrounding skin, and use Clean gauze absorbs moisture and seeps blood, and then uses alcohol and other drugs for initial disinfection. In the absence of disinfection, rinse the wound with clean water, preferably with running tap water, and then dry the wound with a clean cloth or dressing.

III. Basic knowledge of emergency rescue 1. The emergency rescue personnel of major accidents should undergo special training. The emergency rescue of the accident must be carried out in an organized and planned manner: it is forbidden to blindly rescue and cause more damage in case of unclear accidents. 2. Basic tasks for accident emergency rescue: (1) Elimination of harmful consequences and good site restoration. (2) Find out the cause of the accident and assess the extent of the damage. (3) Immediately organize the rescue of the victim, organize an evacuation or take other measures to protect other personnel in the area. (4) Quickly control the state of affairs, and conduct inspections on the hazards caused by accidents, and monitor the hazardous areas, nature of hazards, and damage levels of the accidents. 3. The construction enterprise shall establish an enterprise-level major accident emergency rescue system and a major accident rescue plan. 4. The construction project shall establish an emergency rescue system for the major accidents of the project and a plan for major accident rescue: When the general contracting for the construction is implemented, the accident preplan for the general contractor shall be the main project, and each subcontracting team shall also have its own accident rescue plan.