Marine Materials (22): Warship Aluminum Alloy Features
[China Aluminum Industry Network] Almost all aluminum and aluminum alloy materials are used in ships and marine facilities, but the most used are: 5052, 5154, 5454, 5083, 5086, 5056, 6063, 6061, 6N01, 6082, 6025A, 1050, 1200, 3003, 3203 and other deformed aluminum alloy and AC4A, AC4C, AC4CH, AC7A, AC8A casting aluminum alloy. The main types of aluminum products include: thick plates, thin plates, strips, foils, pipes, bars, profiles, integral extrusions, wall plates, castings, die castings, and die forgings. The main postures of the materials are: O, H14, H112, H34, H32, H116, H117, H111, T1, T5, T6, T61, F and so on. With the large-scale hull and aluminum extrusion technology, the application of large profiles is becoming more and more extensive.
The type of hull structure can be divided into three types: transverse skeleton type, vertical skeleton type and mixed skeleton type. The first and last end structures of aluminum alloy small-scale fishing vessels, river-going vessels and large ships are often of the transverse-skeleton type. Vertical tank-type structures are often used for oil tankers and warships. The aluminum materials used on the hull are mostly plates, profiles and wide-width extruded walls. When China manufactures a 60.8m long, 1160t oil carrier, the aluminum used in the hull is as follows: a longitudinally-sealed bulkhead adopts a corrugated plate with a thickness of 9mm, and transverse bulkheads use a plate with a thickness of 7mm to form five independent cargo holds; The side of the ship is made of 9mm aluminum alloy. The deck is 12mm thick and the cover is 15mm thick. The hull structure consists of extruded profiles and the tail column is cast with Al-12% Si alloy. Total amount of aluminum 92t.
Recently, Japan has newly developed an aluminum alloy hull half-casting ship. Its bow, stern, and hull are made of sheet metal of about 5.4 mm, and these three sections are welded into a hull. The ship has a width of 2.4m and a depth of 0.58m. The hull mass is about 2t and the total mass is 3.8t. Compared with the FRP (Fiberglass reinforced plastic) ship of the same type, the hull quality is reduced by 25% to 30%.
At present, the superstructures and upper devices (such as masts, chimneys, bridges, guns, lifting devices, etc.) of various types of ships are more and more inclined to use aluminum alloy materials, and the upper structures are used more often and more ideally. Aluminum is a large, wide-walled extruded wall. However, in the British-Argentinean Isle of horse war in 1984, the British Sheffield horse destroyer was hit by the other flying fish missile, lit up the sky fire, and the aluminum alloy bridge was burned down and then collapsed, causing people to use aluminum alloys. Thinking of Making Battleship Superstructures
The Soviet Union used aluminum alloys to build superstructures such as cockpits, masts, chimneys, stays, sky shields, and the Gilgilstein ocean liners with a length of 101.5m, a displacement of 2960t, a crew of 326, and a speed of 30km/h. Watertight doors and so on. The aluminum materials used are 5A05 alloy plates of 5.6mm and 8mm thickness, 5A06 alloy plates of 10mm and 14mm thickness, 5A06 alloy round head flat materials, and some aluminum alloy castings. The upper structure is riveted to the deck by 5A05 alloy rivets and measures have been taken to prevent contact corrosion. The upper structure uses 100 tons of aluminum, which is 50% lighter than steel and uses 175 tons of aluminum. The total mass of the ship is reduced by 12%, and the center of gravity of the ship is increased by 15cm, which significantly improves the stability of the ship.
The specifications of the 5XXX marine aluminum alloy sheet produced by Zhejiang Juke Aluminum Co., Ltd. are shown in Table 1, and its performance is shown in Table 2. Since the company's rolling mill is 1850mm, the larger width of the plate is 1700mm. The plates produced were certified by the Norwegian Classification Society (DNV) and China Classification Society (CCS) in June and September 2012 respectively.
Table 1 Specification of Ship Alloy Sheets Produced by Zhejiang Branch Aluminum Industry Co., Ltd.
Table 2 The mechanical properties of aluminum alloys for major vessels of Zhejiang Juke Aluminum Co., Ltd.
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