According to the interaction characteristics of the nut and the Screw, the nut and the screw are respectively analyzed. The force of the nut is: the backing force R of the backing plate, the combined force Px (pressure) of the reaction force of the screw pre-tensioning force, and the pressure distribution force of the hole wall ( The combined force is Cl, C2). The screw receives the pre-tensioning force from the nut and the pressure on the side of the hole wall, and the supporting force R of the wall of the pad. In the calculation, the direction of the pre-tension Px is considered. The main function of the wall side pressure of the nut hole is to form the torque M to drive the screw to rotate. The upper endpoint constraint is taken as follows: R can only be pressure, the endpoint can be constrained to rotate, and the nut is rigid. This is a general assumption that the pad and base deformation are ignored. Under the pad is a non-retractable mortar bonding layer, and then a strong C40 Kunming clay foundation, the rigidity is very large. In addition, the torque is controlled rather than the torsion angle when the nut is tightened, and the pad and the base compression have substantially no effect on the force of the bolt. The screw is vertical before the bolt is tightened and the pad has an angle of inclination. According to the measured height data of the pad, it can be estimated that the inclination of the pad relative to the horizontal is about Q=1.40. The diameter of the bolt hole on the pad is 52 mm and inclined. The screw diameter of 48mm is inferred from the relationship of the child. It is possible to keep the bolt vertical. In other words, there is no effective constraint on the inclination of the bolt before the bolt is tightened, so that the backing plate may be inclined under the influence of accidental factors.
For the two stages of the tightening bolt process, the calculation analysis is also divided into two paragraphs. The first stage is divided into 10 steps to apply the corner and axial pre-tension to the bolt. Considering the pre-tension force changes direction with the change of the angle during the application process (geometric nonlinear problem) When the nut and the pad are in parallel contact, the first and second stages are demarcated. In the second stage, the nut and the pad are in close contact, and the nut and the screw end angle remain unchanged. The tightening nut only increases the pre-tension of the screw until it reaches Design pre-tension P, screw tension P, this process is calculated in 10 steps.
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