The molecular structure of a polymer can be classified into two basic types: the first one is a linear structure, and the polymer compound having such a structure is called a linear polymer compound. The second type is a bulk structure, and a polymer compound having such a structure is called a bulk polymer compound. In addition, some polymers are branched, called branched polymers, and belong to the category of linear structures. Some polymers have crosslinks between molecular chains, but there are few crosslinks. This structure is called a network structure and belongs to the category of body structure.
There are independent macromolecules in the linear structure of the linear structure (including the branched chain), and the macromolecules can be separated from each Other in the solvent of the high polymer or in the heated and molten state. In the high-molecular matter of the bulk structure (large cross-linking between molecular chains), there is no independent macromolecule, and thus there is no relative molecular mass meaning, only the degree of cross-linking. The network material with few cross-linking structures may also be separated by large molecules (as if a single "fish net" can still be separated).
It should be noted that the above two basic structures are actually an intuitive simulation of the molecular model of the polymer, and the true fine structure of the molecule is generally unclear except for a few (such as oriented polymers).
Two different structures exhibit opposite performance. The linear structure (including the branched structure) polymer has the characteristics of elasticity, plasticity, solubility in a solvent, melting by heating, and low hardness and brittleness due to the presence of independent molecules. Since the bulk structure polymer has no independent macromolecules, it has no elasticity and plasticity, cannot be dissolved and melted, and can only swell, and has high hardness and brittleness. Therefore, from the structural point of view, the rubber can only be a linear structure or a polymer with a small cross-linking network structure, the fiber can only be a linear polymer, and the plastic has both polymers.
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