How to troubleshoot a fiber transceiver?
A fiber optic transceiver is an Ethernet transmission media conversion unit that exchanges short-distance twisted-pair electrical signals and long-distance optical signals. It is also called a photoelectric converter in many places and is widely used in ether. The network cable cannot cover, must use the optic fibre to prolong the transmission distance in the actual network environment.
How to troubleshoot a fiber transceiver?
First, first look at the fiber optic transceiver or optical module indicator and twisted pair port indicator light is on?
a. If the FX indicator of the transceiver is off, please confirm whether the fiber link is cross-linked. One end of an optical fiber jumper is connected in parallel; the other end is a crossover connection.
b. If the FX indicator of the A transceiver is on, and the FX indicator of the B transceiver is off, the fault is on the A transceiver: One possibility is: A Transceiver (TX) optical transmission The port is bad, because the optical port (RX) of the B transceiver does not receive the optical signal; the other possibility is: A fiber link of the A transceiver (TX) optical transmission port has a problem (optical cable or light jumper may be broken).
c. The twisted pair (TP) indicator is off. Please check if the twisted pair connection is wrong or connected incorrectly. Use a continuity tester (although some transceivers' twisted pair indicators must be on after the fiber link is connected).
d. Some transceivers have two RJ45 ports: (ToHUB) indicates that the connection line connecting the switch is a straight line; (ToNode) indicates that the connection line connecting the switch is a crossover line.
e. There are MPR switches on the side of some hair generators: the connection line connecting the switch is a straight-through wire; DTE switch: the connection wire connecting the switch is a cross-over wire.
Second, fiber optic cable, fiber jumper has broken?
a. Optical cable cut-off detection: Use a laser flashlight, sunlight, and a luminous body to illuminate one end of the cable connector or coupling; look at the other side to see if there is visible light? Visible light indicates that the fiber optic cable is not broken.
b. Optical fiber continuity detection: Use a laser flashlight, sunlight, etc. to face the fiber jumper; see the other side for visible light. Visible light indicates that the fiber jumper has not broken.
Is the three, half/full duplex method incorrect?
Some transceivers have FDX switches on the side: Full duplex; HDX switches: Half duplex.
Fourth, with the power meter instrument detection
The luminous power of the optical fiber transceiver or optical module under normal conditions: multi-mode: -10db--18db; single-mode 20km: -8db--15db; single-mode 60km: -5db--12db If the light power of the optical transceiver is between -30db and -45db, it can be judged that the transceiver has a problem.
Five, fiber optic transceivers can not communicate after the two ends
(1) The fiber is reversed, the fiber connected to TX and RX is reversed, and (2) the RJ45 interface is not correctly connected to the external device (note that straight and twisted)
The optical fiber interface (ceramic ferrule) does not match. This fault is mainly reflected in the 100M transceiver with photoelectricity control function. If the tail fiber of the APC ferrule is connected to the transceiver of the PC ferrule, it will not be able to communicate normally. Photoelectric mutual control transceiver has no effect.
Six, when the phenomenon of off
(1) The attenuation of the optical path may be too large. At this time, the optical power of the receiving end can be measured with an optical power meter. If the optical power is near the receiving sensitivity range, it can be basically judged as an optical path failure within the 1-2 dB range. (2) It may be connected to the transceiver. The switch is faulty. At this time, the switch is replaced with a PC. That is, the two transceivers are directly connected to the PC. The two ends are PING. If the switch-off phenomenon occurs when the switch fails, the switch failure (3) may be the transceiver failure. At this point the transceiver can be connected to both ends of the PC (not through the switch), both ends of the PING no problem, from one end to the other end of a larger file (100M), observe its speed, such as very slow (200M The following file is transmitted for more than 15 minutes.) It can basically be judged as a failure of the transceiver.
VII. After a period of communication, it crashes, that is, it cannot communicate. After restarting, it can return to normal.
This phenomenon is generally caused by the switch. The switch will perform CRC error detection and length check on all received data. It will check out the packets with errors and discard them, and the correct packets will be forwarded. However, some erroneous packets in this process cannot be detected in the CRC error detection and length check. Such packets will not be sent during the forwarding process and will not be discarded. They will be accumulated in the dynamic cache. In the buffer, it can never be sent out. When the buffer is full, it will cause the switch to crash. Because restarting the transceiver or restarting the switch at this time can restore the communication to normal, the user usually thinks that the transceiver is a problem.
Eight, transceiver testing method
If you find a problem with the transceiver connection, test it as follows to find out the cause of the failure. a) Near-end test:
Both ends of the computer on the PING, if you can PING通 then prove that the fiber transceiver is no problem. If the near-end test fails to communicate, the fiber transceiver can be judged to be faulty.
b) Remote test:
The two ends of the computer are PING. If the PING is inconvenient, you must check whether the optical path connection is normal and whether the transmitting and receiving power of the optical fiber transceiver is within the allowable range. If you can PING pass it proves that the light path is connected properly. It can be determined that the fault is in the switch.
c) Remote test to determine the fault point:
Connect the switch to the switch first and the two ends to the PING. If there is no failure, you can determine the failure of the other switch.
How to troubleshoot a fiber transceiver?
First, first look at the fiber optic transceiver or optical module indicator and twisted pair port indicator light is on?
a. If the FX indicator of the transceiver is off, please confirm whether the fiber link is cross-linked. One end of an optical fiber jumper is connected in parallel; the other end is a crossover connection.
b. If the FX indicator of the A transceiver is on, and the FX indicator of the B transceiver is off, the fault is on the A transceiver: One possibility is: A Transceiver (TX) optical transmission The port is bad, because the optical port (RX) of the B transceiver does not receive the optical signal; the other possibility is: A fiber link of the A transceiver (TX) optical transmission port has a problem (optical cable or light jumper may be broken).
c. The twisted pair (TP) indicator is off. Please check if the twisted pair connection is wrong or connected incorrectly. Use a continuity tester (although some transceivers' twisted pair indicators must be on after the fiber link is connected).
d. Some transceivers have two RJ45 ports: (ToHUB) indicates that the connection line connecting the switch is a straight line; (ToNode) indicates that the connection line connecting the switch is a crossover line.
e. There are MPR switches on the side of some hair generators: the connection line connecting the switch is a straight-through wire; DTE switch: the connection wire connecting the switch is a cross-over wire.
Second, fiber optic cable, fiber jumper has broken?
a. Optical cable cut-off detection: Use a laser flashlight, sunlight, and a luminous body to illuminate one end of the cable connector or coupling; look at the other side to see if there is visible light? Visible light indicates that the fiber optic cable is not broken.
b. Optical fiber continuity detection: Use a laser flashlight, sunlight, etc. to face the fiber jumper; see the other side for visible light. Visible light indicates that the fiber jumper has not broken.
Is the three, half/full duplex method incorrect?
Some transceivers have FDX switches on the side: Full duplex; HDX switches: Half duplex.
Fourth, with the power meter instrument detection
The luminous power of the optical fiber transceiver or optical module under normal conditions: multi-mode: -10db--18db; single-mode 20km: -8db--15db; single-mode 60km: -5db--12db If the light power of the optical transceiver is between -30db and -45db, it can be judged that the transceiver has a problem.
Five, fiber optic transceivers can not communicate after the two ends
(1) The fiber is reversed, the fiber connected to TX and RX is reversed, and (2) the RJ45 interface is not correctly connected to the external device (note that straight and twisted)
The optical fiber interface (ceramic ferrule) does not match. This fault is mainly reflected in the 100M transceiver with photoelectricity control function. If the tail fiber of the APC ferrule is connected to the transceiver of the PC ferrule, it will not be able to communicate normally. Photoelectric mutual control transceiver has no effect.
Six, when the phenomenon of off
(1) The attenuation of the optical path may be too large. At this time, the optical power of the receiving end can be measured with an optical power meter. If the optical power is near the receiving sensitivity range, it can be basically judged as an optical path failure within the 1-2 dB range. (2) It may be connected to the transceiver. The switch is faulty. At this time, the switch is replaced with a PC. That is, the two transceivers are directly connected to the PC. The two ends are PING. If the switch-off phenomenon occurs when the switch fails, the switch failure (3) may be the transceiver failure. At this point the transceiver can be connected to both ends of the PC (not through the switch), both ends of the PING no problem, from one end to the other end of a larger file (100M), observe its speed, such as very slow (200M The following file is transmitted for more than 15 minutes.) It can basically be judged as a failure of the transceiver.
VII. After a period of communication, it crashes, that is, it cannot communicate. After restarting, it can return to normal.
This phenomenon is generally caused by the switch. The switch will perform CRC error detection and length check on all received data. It will check out the packets with errors and discard them, and the correct packets will be forwarded. However, some erroneous packets in this process cannot be detected in the CRC error detection and length check. Such packets will not be sent during the forwarding process and will not be discarded. They will be accumulated in the dynamic cache. In the buffer, it can never be sent out. When the buffer is full, it will cause the switch to crash. Because restarting the transceiver or restarting the switch at this time can restore the communication to normal, the user usually thinks that the transceiver is a problem.
Eight, transceiver testing method
If you find a problem with the transceiver connection, test it as follows to find out the cause of the failure. a) Near-end test:
Both ends of the computer on the PING, if you can PING通 then prove that the fiber transceiver is no problem. If the near-end test fails to communicate, the fiber transceiver can be judged to be faulty.
b) Remote test:
The two ends of the computer are PING. If the PING is inconvenient, you must check whether the optical path connection is normal and whether the transmitting and receiving power of the optical fiber transceiver is within the allowable range. If you can PING pass it proves that the light path is connected properly. It can be determined that the fault is in the switch.
c) Remote test to determine the fault point:
Connect the switch to the switch first and the two ends to the PING. If there is no failure, you can determine the failure of the other switch.
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