Not long ago, Shanxi Tianji Coal Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd. suffered an aniline leakage accident caused by the rupture of the conveying hose. About 38.7 tons of aniline leaked, of which 30 tons were taken to intercept and 8.7 tons were flowed into the Weihe River system. Although the relevant departments have taken measures such as cutting off water sources and suspending drinking water for people and animals along the way. But many people still have doubts: What impact does aniline have on the human body?
Aniline, also known as aminobenzene, is a compound in which a hydrogen atom in a benzene ring is substituted with an amino group. Aniline is a colorless or slightly yellow oily liquid under normal temperature conditions. It becomes black after exposure to air and light. It has a strong irritating odor, is slightly soluble in water, and is easily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, benzene, ether and chloroform. Aniline is widely used in organic synthesis and chemical products. Aniline is one of the most important intermediates in the dye industry. It is used in the synthesis of various organic pigments. It is the raw material for the production of various pesticides in the pesticide industry. It is an important raw material for the production of rubber additives. Agents and accelerators; can also be used as raw materials for medical sulfa drugs, as well as for the production of spices, plastics, varnishes, films and other products.
Aniline can enter the body through the skin, digestive tract and respiratory tract. The acute toxicity test results were moderately toxic, and the half-lethal dose of oral administration in rats was 442 mg/kg body weight. Short-term intake of large doses of aniline can cause acute poisoning. Because aniline oxidizes the ferrous iron of hemoglobin in human red blood cells to ferric iron, it is prominently characterized by methemoglobinemia, which causes human red blood cells to lose oxygen carrying capacity. The degree of purpura, in severe cases, will die due to lack of oxygen. Aniline can cause erythrocyte globin degeneration, increase erythrocyte membrane fragility, cells are prone to disintegration, hemolytic anemia can occur in about 4 days of poisoning; toxic liver disease occurs 2-7 days after poisoning.
Aniline is easily volatilized into the air to form a vapor, and aniline entering the water body is prone to cause long-lasting environmental pollution due to its very stable molecular structure. Aniline is an oily liquid under normal temperature conditions, and the soil has a good absorption effect. The aniline mixed into the soil is difficult to decompose in a short time, and the half-life is about 350 days, and there is currently no effective treatment. Aniline can be degraded in water with sufficient oxygen content, and the half-life is 5-25 days. The aniline entering the water body changes the physical and chemical properties and biological population of the water body and sediment, which causes the water quality to deteriorate, thus affecting the effective use of water resources. , bringing potential harm to human health and destroying the ecological environment. When a large amount of aniline is discharged into the water, floating pollutants appear on the surface of the water, and there is a pungent odor, accompanied by the death of aquatic organisms such as fish and shrimp. If there is not a large amount of water source to be supplemented and diluted, the ecological balance of the polluted water system will be destroyed and short-time. Hard to recover.
Regarding the low concentration of aniline in water, what kind of health damage will occur once it is ingested by the human body, and there is still no scientific evidence to confirm it. Some researchers believe that algae is simple in structure, fast in growth and reproduction, short in life cycle, sensitive to the environment, and has similar physical and chemical properties and enzymatic processes with higher organisms. In recent years, Chinese scientists and technicians have observed the toxic effects of aniline on aquatic algae by using water ecotoxicology research methods. It has found that different types of freshwater algae can inhibit algae under the action of 1-70 mg aniline per liter of water. Growth can also destroy its cell morphology and structure. Domestic researchers used plant cell nuclear aberration technology to study the genotoxic effect of aniline on root tip cells of garlic. When the concentration of aniline solution was 1 mg/L, the cell division index of garlic root tip decreased to 84% of the control, reflecting significant inhibition. The effect is that when the concentration of aniline solution reaches 3mg/L or more, the inhibition is extremely significant; since aniline can inhibit the mitosis of root tip cells of garlic, it has direct and indirect DNA damage, which can trigger higher frequency nuclear aberration and show certain The genotoxicity, the researchers believe that can provide a technical reference for the quality assessment of aniline environmental pollution.
In view of the lack of research on the long-term harmful effects of teratogenicity and carcinogenesis in the field of human and animal experiments, the actual harm of this aniline leakage, together with other aniline environmental emissions during industrial development, to humans The specific hazard results still need further research and discussion. (Hao Fengtong, Department of Occupational Diseases and Poisoning, Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing)
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